University of Pennsylvania

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University of Pennsylvania

Coat of arms
Latin: Universitas Pennsylvaniensis[1][2][3]
Former names	Academy and Charitable School in the Province of Pennsylvania (1751–1755) College of Philadelphia (1755–1779, 1789–1791)[4] University of the State of Pennsylvania (1779[note 1]–1791)
Motto	Leges sine moribus vanae (Latin)
Motto in English	"Laws without morals are useless"
Type	Private research university
Established	November 14, 1740; 285 years ago (1740-11-14)[note 2]
Founder	Benjamin Franklin
Accreditation	MSCHE
Religious affiliation	Nonsectarian
Academic affiliations	AAU COFHE NAICU QC URA
Endowment	$24.8 billion (2025)[8]
Budget	$4.4 billion (2024)[9]
President	J. Larry Jameson
Provost	John L. Jackson Jr.
Academic staff	4,793 (2018)[10]
Total staff	39,859 (fall 2020; includes health system)[11]
Students	23,374 (fall 2022)[12]
Undergraduates	9,760 (fall 2022)[12]
Postgraduates	13,614 (fall 2022)[12]
Location	Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , United States 39°57′01″N 75°11′41″W / 39.95028°N 75.19472°W / 39.95028; -75.19472
Campus	Large city, 1,085 acres (439 ha) (total); 299 acres (121 ha), University City campus; 694 acres (281 ha), New Bolton Center; 92 acres (37 ha), Morris Arboretum
Newspaper	The Daily Pennsylvanian
Colors	Red and blue[13]
Nickname	Quakers
Sporting affiliations	NCAA Division I FCS – Ivy League Philadelphia Big 5 City 6 IRA EARC EAWRC
Mascot	The Quaker
Website	upenn.edu

The University of Pennsylvania (Penn[note 3] or UPenn[note 4]) is a private Ivy League research university in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. One of nine colonial colleges, it was chartered in 1755 through the efforts of founder and first president Benjamin Franklin, who had advocated for an educational institution that trained leaders in academia, commerce, and public service.[16]

The university has 4 undergraduate schools and 12 graduate and professional schools. Schools enrolling undergraduates include the College of Arts and Sciences, the School of Engineering and Applied Science, the Wharton School, and the School of Nursing.[17] Among its graduate schools are its law school, whose first professor, James Wilson, helped write the U.S. Constitution; and its medical school, the first in North America.

In fiscal year 2024, Penn reported $2.172 billion in research expenditures, ranking second among U.S. universities in the National Science Foundation’s Higher Education Research and Development (HERD) survey.[18][19] As of June 30, 2025, Penn’s endowment was $24.808 billion.[20] The University of Pennsylvania’s main campus is in the University City neighborhood of West Philadelphia, centered around College Hall. Campus landmarks include Houston Hall, often described as the first student union building in the United States.[21] Penn’s athletic facilities include Franklin Field, which has hosted college football since 1895 and was expanded into a two-tier stadium in 1922.[22] The university’s athletics program, the Penn Quakers, fields varsity teams in 33 sports as a member of NCAA Division I’s Ivy League conference.

Penn alumni, trustees, and faculty include 8 who signed the Declaration of Independence, 7 who signed the U.S. Constitution,[23] 24 members of the Continental Congress, 3 presidents of the United States,[note 5][24] 38 Nobel laureates, 9 foreign heads of state, 3 United States Supreme Court justices, at least 4 Supreme Court justices of foreign nations,[25] 32 U.S. senators, 163 members of the U.S. House of Representatives, 19 U.S. Cabinet secretaries, 46 governors, 28 State Supreme Court justices, 36 living undergraduate billionaires,[26] 5 recipients of the Medal of Honor,[27][28] and over 200 Olympic athletes (43 of whom earned 81 Olympic medals, 26 of them gold).[29]

In 1740, a group of Philadelphians organized to erect a great preaching hall for George Whitefield, a traveling Anglican evangelist,[30] which was designed and constructed by Edmund Woolley. It was the largest building in Philadelphia at the time, and thousands of people attended it to hear Whitefield preach.[31]: 26 

In the fall of 1749, Benjamin Franklin, a Founding Father and polymath in Philadelphia, circulated a pamphlet, "Proposals Relating to the Education of Youth in Pensilvania," his vision for what he called a "Public Academy of Philadelphia".[32]

On June 16, 1755, the College of Philadelphia was chartered, paving the way for the addition of undergraduate instruction.[33]

Penn identifies as the fourth-oldest institution of higher education in the United States, though this representation is challenged by Princeton and Columbia since the College of Philadelphia was not chartered or commence classes until 1755 and the first board of trustees was not convened until 1749, arguably making it the sixth or fifth-oldest.[note 2]

In the 1750s, roughly 40 percent of Penn students needed lodging since they came from areas in the British North American colonies that were too far to commute, or were international students.[34] Before the completion of the construction of the first dormitory in 1765, out of town students were typically placed with guardians in the homes of faculty or in suitable boarding houses.[35][36] Jonathan and Philip Gayienquitioga, two brothers of the Mohawk Nation,[37] were recruited by Benjamin Franklin to attend the Academy of Philadelphia,[38] making them the first Native Americans at Penn when they enrolled in 1755.[39]

A 1765 admission ticket to "A Course of Lectures" given by Dr. John Morgan, the founder and first professor of medicine at Penn's Medical School

The 1765 founding of the first medical school in America[40] made Penn the first institution to offer both "undergraduate" and professional education. Moses Levy, the first Jewish student, enrolled in 1769.[41]

In 1765, the campus was expanded by opening of the newly completed dormitory run by Benjamin Franklin's collaborator on the study of electricity using electrostatic machines and related technology and Penn professor and chief master Ebenezer Kinnersley.[note 6] Kinnersley was designated steward of the students in the dormitory and he and his wife were given disciplinary powers over the students and supervised the cleanliness of the students with respect to personal hygiene and washing of the students' dirty clothing.[42][43]

Even after its construction, however, many students sought living quarters elsewhere, where they would have more personal freedom, resulting in a loss of funds to the university. In the fall of 1775, Penn's trustees voted to advertise to lease the dormitory to a private family who would board the pupils at lesser cost to Penn.[44] In another attempt to control the off-campus activities of the students, the trustees agreed not to admit any out-of-town student unless he was lodged in a place which they and the faculty considered proper.[34]

As of 1779, Penn, through its trustees, owned three houses on Fourth Street, just north of the campus's new building with the largest residence located on the corner of Fourth and Arch Streets.[45][34]

When the British abandoned Philadelphia during the Philadelphia campaign in the American Revolutionary War, College Hall, the college's only building at the time,[note 7] served as the temporary meeting site of the Second Continental Congress from July 7 to 20, 1778,[46] briefly establishing Penn's campus as one of the early capitals of the United States.[47][48]

In 1779, not trusting then provost William Smith's Loyalist tendencies, the revolutionary State Legislature created a university, and in 1785 the legislature changed name to University of the State of Pennsylvania.[49][note 8] The result was a schism, with Smith continuing to operate an attenuated version of the College of Philadelphia. The 1779 charter represented the first American institution of higher learning to take the name of "University".[50][51] In 1791, the legislature issued a new charter, merging the two institutions into a new University of Pennsylvania with twelve men from each institution serving on the new board of trustees.[49]

A c. 1815 illustration of the Ninth Street campus of the University of Pennsylvania, including the medical department (on left) and the college building (on right)

In 1802, the university moved to the unused Presidential Mansion at Ninth and Market Streets, a building that both George Washington and John Adams had declined to occupy while Philadelphia was the nation's capital.[33]

An 1807 admission ticket to a lecture by Penn Professor Dr. Benjamin Rush

Among the classes given in 1807 at this building were those offered by Benjamin Rush, a professor of chemistry, medical theory, and clinical practice who was also a signer of the United States Declaration of Independence, member of the Continental Congress,[52][53] and surgeon general of the Continental Army.[54]

A c. 1800 engraving of Benjamin Rush, a physician and professor of medicine at the University of Pennsylvania

Classes were held in the mansion until 1829 when it was demolished. Architect William Strickland designed twin buildings on the same site, College Hall[note 9] and Medical Hall (both 1829–1830), which formed the core of the Ninth Street Campus.

The Ninth Street Campus, located on the west side of Ninth Street between Market and Chestnut Streets, featuring Medical Hall (on left) and College Hall (on right), both built between 1829 and 1830

Joseph M. Urquiola, School of Medicine class of 1829, was the first Latino,[55][56][57] and Auxencio Maria Pena, School of Medicine class of 1836, was the first South American[58] to graduate from Penn.

In 1849, following formation of Penn's Eta chapter[note 10] of Delta Phi by five founders and 15 initiates,[59] Penn students began to establish residential fraternity houses. Since Penn only had limited housing near campus and since students, especially those at the medical school, came from all over the country, the students elected to fend for themselves rather than live in housing owned by Penn trustees. A number chose housing by pledging and living in Penn's first fraternities, which included Delta Phi, Zeta Psi, Phi Kappa Sigma, and Delta Psi.[60] These first fraternities were located within walking distance of 9th and Chestnut Street since the campus was located from 1800 to 1872 on the west side of Ninth Street, from Market Street on the north to Chestnut Street on the south. Zeta Psi Fraternity was located at the southeast corner of 10th Street and Chestnut Street, Delta Phi was located on the south side of 11th Street near Chestnut Street, and Delta Psi was located on the north side of Chestnut Street, west of 10th Street.[61]

An illustration of Penn's College Hall from a pocket guide to the Centennial Exhibition in 1876

After being located in downtown Philadelphia for more than a century, the campus was moved across the Schuylkill River to property purchased from the Blockley Almshouse in West Philadelphia in 1872, where it has since remained in an area now known as University City. The new campus and its associated fraternities centered on the intersection of Woodland Avenue, 36th Street, and Locust Street. Among the first fraternities to build near the new campus were Phi Delta Theta in 1883 and Psi Upsilon in 1891. By 1891, there were at least 17 fraternities at the university.[62]

Penn hosted the nation's first university teaching hospital in 1874; the Wharton School, the world's first collegiate business school, in 1881; the first American student union building, Houston Hall, in 1896;[63] and the only school of veterinary medicine in the United States that originated directly from its medical school, in 1884.[64][65]

Tosui Imadate (今立吐酔) was the first person of Asian descent to graduate from Penn (College [66] Class of 1879).[67]

William Adger, James Brister, and Nathan Francis Mossell in 1879 were the first African Americans to enroll at Penn. Adger was the first African American to graduate from the college at Penn (1883),[68] and when Brister graduated from the School of Dental Medicine (Penn Dental) (class of 1881), he was the first African American to earn a degree at Penn.[69]

Lewis Baxter Moore, brother in law of two other Penn alumni who broke the color barrier by being among the first of their race to graduate from Penn degree granting programs, Nathan Francis Mossell (medicine) and Aaron Albert Mossell II (law), was the first African American to earn a PhD in 1896.[70] His doctorate was in classics.[71]

The first women enrolled at Penn were two graduate students at Penn's Towne Scientific School, medical doctors, Gertrude Klein Pierce,MD, Anna Lockhart Flanigen, MD, who were admitted in October 1876 as “special students” to study chemistry. In 1878 they were awarded certificates of proficiency in chemistry (finishing second and third in their class) and continued their postgraduate studies in organic chemistry with professor (who later became Provost) Edgar Fahs Smith.[72] In 1880, Mary Alice Bennett and Anna H. Johnson were the first women to enroll in a Penn degree-granting program and Bennett was the first woman to receive a degree from Penn, which was a PhD.[73][74][55]

A c. 1933 postcard showing the area inside the Upper Quad section of The Quad Dormitories looking North to Memorial Tower

From its founding until construction of the Quadrangle Dormitories, which started construction in 1895, the university largely lacked university-owned housing with the exception of a significant part of the 18th century. A significant portion of the undergraduate population commuted from Delaware Valley locations, and a large number of students resided in the Philadelphia area.[75] The medical school, then with roughly half the students, was a significant exception to this trend as it attracted a more geographically diverse population of students.[76][77]

George Henderson, president of the class of 1889, wrote in his monograph distributed to his classmates at their 20th reunion that Penn's strong growth in acreage and number of buildings it constructed over the prior two decades (along with a near-quadrupling in the size of the student body) was accommodated by building The Quad.[78] Henderson argued that building The Quad was influential in attracting students, and he appealed for it to be expanded:[79]

And the new buildings? First of all there is need of greater dormitory room. Did you ever live in the "dorms?" Then you do not know what "dorm" life means for college spirit. Several hundred men who live in the same big family have a feeling of common fellowship. Life in the "dorms" develops what our sociologists call a "Solidarity of Responsibility." Men who live there learn to care for the associations that brought them together and that keep them related. And this college spirit they never lose or forget. Some parents, living at a distance, do not like to send their sons to live in a general boarding house. But a dormitory, a University institution, appeals to them, and the boys come and live there. You would scarcely believe it, but when College opened last fall not only were the dormitory rooms over subscribed, but there was a long list of anxious ones, ready to snap up the room of any unlucky fellow who might miss his examinations, and be forced to spend another year at preparatory school grind. So we need the new dormitories, and although they are going up steadily, they might well go up faster.[79]

During the first decades of the 20th century, Penn made strides and took an active interest in attracting diverse students from around the globe. Two examples of such action occurred in 1910. Penn's first director of publicity, created a recruiting brochure, translated into Spanish, with approximately 10,000 copies circulated throughout Latin America. That same year, the Penn-affiliated organization, the Cosmopolitan Club, started an annual tradition of hosting an opening "smoker," which attracted students from 40 nations who were formally welcomed to the university by then-vice provost Edgar Fahs Smith (who the following year would start a ten-year tenure as provost)[80][81][82][83][84] who spoke about how Penn wanted to "bring together students of different countries and break down misunderstandings existing between them."[55]

A Rand McNally map of Penn, c. 1915, reflecting the growth caused in part by Provost Edgar Fahs Smith and first director of public relations, George E. Nitzsche

In 1911, since it was difficult to house the international students due to the segregation-era housing regulations in Philadelphia and across the United States, the Christian Association at the University of Pennsylvania hired its first Foreign Mission Secretary, Reverend Alpheus Waldo Stevenson.[85] By 1912, Stevenson focused almost all his efforts on the foreign students at Penn who needed help finding housing resulting in the Christian Association buying 3905 Spruce Street located adjacent to Penn's West Philadelphia campus.[86]

A 1918 panoramic view of the University of Pennsylvania campus from "University of Pennsylvania -its history, traditions, buildings and memorials"

By January 1, 1918, 3905 Spruce Street officially opened under the sponsorship of the Christian Association as a Home for Foreign Students, which came to be known as the International Students' House with Reverend Stevenson as its first director.[87]

The success of efforts to reach out to the international students was reported in 1921 when the official Penn publicity department reported[88]

We have an enrollment at the University of 12,000 students, who have registered from every State in the Union, and 253 students from at least fifty foreign countries and foreign territories, including India, South Africa, New Zealand, Australia and practically all the British possessions except Ireland; every Latin American country, and most of the Oriental and European nations.

Sadie Tanner Mossell Alexander who had earned a degree at Penn's School of Education in 1918[89] and master's in economics from Penn in 1919, was awarded the Francis Sergeant Pepper fellowship enabling her in 1921 to became the first African-American woman in the United States to earn a PhD from an American university.[90][91][92] She was also the first African-American woman admitted to and graduated from the University of Pennsylvania Law School in 1927[93] and earned the right to be an editor of University of Pennsylvania Law Review[94]

Until 1930, Penn's top academic and business professional was its Provost. In 1930, Penn's Board combined the two positions and created the office of President and elected Thomas Sovereign Gates, a Philadelphia banker who had served as director of a number of companies including Pennsylvania Railroad (which at time was largest company in world) and the Baldwin Locomotive Company, and had served for ten years as a Penn Trustee and as chairman of Penn's endowment fund.[95][96]

From 1930 to 1966, there were 54 documented Rowbottom riots, a student tradition of rioting which included everything from car smashing to panty raids.[97] After 1966, there were five more instances of "Rowbottoms," the latest occurring in 1980.[97]

By 1931, first-year students were required to live in the quadrangle unless they received official permission to live with their families or other relatives.[76] However, throughout this period and into the early post-World War II period, the undergraduate schools of the university continued to have a large commuting population.[98] As an example, into the late 1940s, two-thirds of Penn women students were commuters.[99]

George William McClelland, a Professor of English at Penn who (received his bachelors, masters and Ph.D. all from Penn in 1903, 1912 and 1916 respectively) served from 1944 to 1948 as Penn's second President, and the most notable achievement during his tenure was the creation in 1946 of ENIAC, the world's first all-electronic digital computer.[100]

Harold Stassen, the Penn president, in a December 19, 1950 meeting with President of India Rajendra Prasad

Former Minnesota governor and perennial presidential candidate Harold Stassen served as third president of the University of Pennsylvania from 1948 to 1953. Penn's Board of Trustees elected Stassen to fill the office of the president, left vacant by the unexpected resignation of Penn's second President, George McClelland. Stassen was selected, in part due to his reputation as a successful fundraiser (as Penn was in the middle of a long simmering financial crisis). Stassen did indeed help raise funds and cut costs, focusing financial resources into a few prestigious departments and fulfilling McClelland's campus expansion plan, as well as reforming intercollegiate athletics in order to conform to the requirements of the new Ivy League.[101] Stassen focused on Penn's football team by contesting the NCAA prohibition over televising football games (to stop the slide in gate attendance) by entering into a $200,000 contract with ABC but Stassen eventually backed down when the NCAA threatened to expel Penn.[102]

After World War II, the university began a capital spending program to overhaul its campus, including its student housing. A large number of students migrating to universities under the G.I. Bill, and the ensuing increase in Penn's student population highlighted that Penn had outgrown previous expansions, which ended during the Great Depression era. But in addition to a significant student population from the Delaware Valley, the university continued to attract international students from at least 50 countries and from all 50 states as early as of the second decade of the 1920s.[88] By 1961, 79% of male undergraduates and 57% of female undergraduates lived on campus.[103]

In 1965, Penn students learned that the university was sponsoring research projects for the United States' chemical and biological weapons program.[104] According to Herman and Rutman, the revelation that "CB Projects Spicerack and Summit were directly connected with U.S. military activities in Southeast Asia," caused students to petition Penn's fourth president Gaylord Harnwell (1954 to 1971) to halt the program, citing the project as being "immoral, inhuman, illegal, and unbefitting of an academic institution."[104] Members of the faculty believed that an academic university should not be performing classified research and voted to re-examine the university agency which was responsible for the project on November 4, 1965.[104]

Martin Meyerson, the 5th president of Penn (from 1970 to 1981), was a prominent scholar of urban design and oversaw the conversion of what had been a collection of buildings on Philadelphia streets into a true college campus as streets (in center of campus - Locust Street and Woodland Avenue) were closed, landscaped walkways were built, and a large park was created in the middle of the campus.[105]

The first openly LGBTQ+ organization funded by Penn was formed in 1972 by Kiyoshi Kuromiya, a Benjamin Franklin Scholar and Penn alumnus from the college's class of 1966, when he created the Gay Coffee Hour, which met every week on campus and was also open to non-students and served as an alternative space to gay bars for gay people of all ages.[106]

Vartan Gregorian, who joined the University of Pennsylvania faculty in 1972 as Tarzian Professor of Armenian and Caucasian History and Professor of South Asian history,[107][108] became the founding dean of Penn's Faculty of Arts and Sciences in 1974 (through 1978), and served as the 23rd provost of Penn from January 1979 to October 1980,[109] was widely considered to be the most probable candidate to become the 6th president of the University of Pennsylvania[107][108] as he had the "resounding support of most of the deans, the Faculty Senate, and the Undergraduate Assembly" and was seen as a charismatic leader with "flamboyant style and ever-present brilliance". However, the university trustees chose Sheldon Hackney instead.[110][111] Hackney served as president from 1981 through 1993.

In 1983, members of the Animal Liberation Front broke into the Head Injury Clinical Research Laboratory in the School of Medicine and stole research audio and video tapes. The stolen tapes were given to PETA who edited the footage to create a film, Unnecessary Fuss. As a result of media coverage and pressure from animal rights activists, the project was closed down.[112]

Penn gained notoriety in 1993 for the water buffalo incident in which a student who told a group of mostly black female students to "shut up, you water buffalo" was charged with violating the university's racial harassment policy.[113]

Claire Fagin, Penn's interim president in 1993 on Locust Walk

Penn appointed a woman as President when it elected Dr. Claire M. Fagin, who served from July 1, 1993, to June 30, 1994, becoming one of the first women to serve in the capacity of a university president with an Ivy League university[114]

Judith Rodin, the first female president of the Ivy League and Penn, presenting U.S. Senator Rick Santorum the "Champion of Science" award

Judith Rodin, from 1994 through 2004, served as the first permanent female president of an Ivy League university.[115][116][117] During her Presidency, Penn tripled its fundraising and the size of its endowment, engineered an internationally heralded community renewal program, attracted the most selective classes in the university’s history (climbing from 16th to fourth in the leading national rankings), rapidly grew its academic core, and dramatically enhanced the quality of life on campus and in surrounding community by encouraging revitalization in U City and West Philly through (a) public safety, (b) establishment of Wharton School alliances for small businesses (c) development of buildings and streetscapes that turned outward to U City and West Philly communities, and (d) establishment of a university-led partnership school, the Sadie Tanner Mossell Alexander University of Pennsylvania Partnership School (aka "Penn Alexander School").[118][119]

In 2004, Amy Gutmann succeeded Judith Rodin as the 8th president of the University of Pennsylvania, serving until 2022, the longest-serving president in Penn's history.[120]

Amy Gutmann, University of Pennsylvania president, at the university's 2009 commencement

In 2022, some asked for the tenure of Amy Wax, a University of Pennsylvania law school professor to be revoked after she said the country is "better off with fewer Asians."[121][122]

In March 2023, Penn announced a first in the United States LGBTQ+ scholar in residence after a $2-million gift.[123]

In October 2023, Penn hosted a Palestinian Writers Conference on campus which was attended by several hundred students, scholars and members of the media. The conference was sponsored by student groups at the university though not by the university itself. Segments of the student body, alumni and the media expressed extreme hostility to the event, in some cases viewing the conference as an affront to their own perspectives in the ongoing Israel/Palestine conflict.[124] While the conference was viewed as a success by its organizers, it contributed to heightened tensions on campus between pro-Palestinian and pro-Israeli groups as well as advocates of free speech vs. people concerned with certain forms of expression.[125]

After the 2023 Hamas-led attack on Israel, tensions across university campuses rose across the United States. Certain schools, including Penn, Harvard University and MIT were cited repeatedly in the media for particularly vocal student protests against Israeli military strikes against the civilian populations in Gaza as well as Hamas' violent attack on villages and military outposts just north of the Gaza/Israeli barrier wall.[126] These protests led to increased concerns about antisemitism on college campuses. These concerns in turn led to Congressional hearings convening by several conservative Republican congressmen focused on the fears of rising antisemitism in the US.

University police guarding a locked-down campus after the removal of a student protest in spring 2024

In a hearing before the U.S. House Committee on Education and the Workforce on December 6, when prompted for a "Yes/No" response to a hypothetical situation about protesters "calls for the genocide of Jewish people," Magill responses to the hypothetical scenario was viewed as equivocating[127] as she stated it depended on context, and the university's codes of conduct and its guidelines for free speech and campus behavior.[128] Magill's response was deemed by certain politicians, external stakeholders and members of the media as tolerant of antisemitism. Significant media pressure, vocal concerns voiced by a number of trustees and threats to suspend donations to the university by several large pro-Israel donors continued to mount.[129]

On December 9, the university's president Liz Magill and the chairman of its board of trustees, Scott L. Bok, resigned from their respective positions.[130] Magill remained a tenured member of the Penn Law faculty.[131] Bok later published a letter addressed to the university community detailing his perspective on the situation and his recommendations for university governance going forward.[132]

During 2024, pro-Palestinian students participated in 2024 pro-Palestinian protests on university campuses, starting the 2024 University of Pennsylvania pro-Palestine campus encampment.[133][134][135]

The Quadrangle dormitories, designed by Cope and Stewardson in a Collegiate Gothic style, are among the best-known buildings on Penn's campus.

The University of Pennsylvania's main campus occupies about 299 acres (121 ha) in the University City neighborhood of West Philadelphia and includes the University of Pennsylvania Campus Historic District. It contains most of the university's schools, research institutes, libraries, residences, and athletic facilities.

Much of the historic core campus was shaped by the Philadelphia firm Cope and Stewardson, whose work helped establish the campus's Collegiate Gothic character.[136][137][138] A central pedestrian spine, Locust Walk, connects major academic and residential areas; its conversion to a largely car-free corridor was developed in the mid-20th century and completed in the 1970s.[139]

Penn has expanded and redeveloped facilities beyond the historic core, including the Pennovation complex along the Schuylkill River, which includes flexible workspaces, laboratories, and incubator-style facilities.[140] The Wistar Institute is located adjacent to the campus and collaborates with the university in biomedical research.[141]

Penn maintains the Penn Campus Arboretum, an accredited arboretum encompassing the main campus and associated green spaces.[142] Penn also operates the Morris Arboretum, the official arboretum of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.[143]

Penn's veterinary school operates the New Bolton Center near Kennett Square, a large-animal hospital and research center.[144][145]

Penn Libraries is a multi-library system anchored by Van Pelt Library and including specialized libraries and collections across the university, such as the Fisher Fine Arts Library.[146]

Penn is home to the University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology (Penn Museum).[147] The university also supports galleries and an outdoor public art collection across campus.[148] Notable works installed on or near campus include Simone Leigh's Brick House (2020) and Claes Oldenburg's Split Button (The Button).[149][148]

Undergraduates are housed primarily through the College Houses residential system, which combines on-campus housing with faculty-led programming and advising.[150]

• 
  The university's first purpose-built dormitory in the foreground (on right), built in 1765[151]
• 
  The Upper Quad, originally called The Triangle,[152] and formerly "The Men's Dormitory", viewed from the Memorial Tower[153]
• 
  Woodland Walk pathway between Hill College House and Lauder College House
• 
  Hill College House, a dormitory designed in 1958 to house female students, was designed by Eero Saarinen
• 
  "The Quad", formerly known as the Men's Dormitory, in 2014
• 
  The Alpha Tau Omega fraternity house, built by George W. Childs Drexel as one of two mansions for his daughters

University of Pennsylvania
Graduate and professional schools[154]

School	Year founded
Medicine	1765[155]
Engineering	1852[156]
Law	1850[note 11]
Design	1868
Dental	1878[158]
Wharton	1881[159]
Arts and Sciences	1755[160]
Veterinary	1884[161]
Social Policy	1908
Education	1915
Nursing	1935
Communication	1958

The College of Arts and Sciences is the undergraduate division of the School of Arts and Sciences. The School of Arts and Sciences also contains the Graduate Division and the College of Liberal and Professional Studies, which is home to the Fels Institute of Government, the master's programs in Organizational Dynamics, and the Environmental Studies (MES) program. Wharton School is the business school of the University of Pennsylvania. Other schools with undergraduate programs include the School of Nursing and the School of Engineering and Applied Science (SEAS).

The current president is J. Larry Jameson (interim).[162]

The University of Pennsylvania Police Department (UPPD) is the largest private police department in Pennsylvania, with 117 members. All officers are sworn municipal police officers and retain general law enforcement authority while on the campus.[163]

The 1757 seal of the academy and College of Philadelphia

The official seal of the Trustees of the University of Pennsylvania serves as the signature and symbol of authenticity on documents issued by the corporation.[164] The most recent design, a modified version of the original seal, was approved in 1932, adopted a year later and is still used for much of the same purposes as the original.[164] The official seal of the Trustees of the University of Pennsylvania serves as the signature and symbol of authenticity on documents issued by the corporation.[164] A request for one was first recorded in a meeting of the trustees in 1753 during which some of the Trustees "desired to get a Common Seal engraved for the Use of [the] Corporation." In 1756, a public seal and motto for the college was engraved in silver.[165]

The outer ring of the current seal is inscribed with "Universitas Pennsylvaniensis", the Latin name of the University of Pennsylvania. The inside contains seven stacked books on a desk with the titles of subjects of the trivium and a modified quadrivium, components of a classical education: Theolog[ia], Astronom[ia], Philosoph[ia], Mathemat[ica], Logica, Rhetorica and Grammatica. Between the books and the outer ring is the Latin motto of the university, "Leges Sine Moribus Vanae".[164]

The updated seal of the University of Pennsylvania with the school's present name of in Latin

The University of Pennsylvania is organized into twelve schools, including four undergraduate schools and eight graduate and professional schools.[166] Since at least the early 1970s, the university has used the term "One University" in institutional planning materials to describe coordination across its schools.[167]

Students may enroll in courses offered by schools other than their home school, subject to prerequisites and school- or program-specific rules.[167] Under a reciprocal cross-registration arrangement known as the Quaker Consortium, Penn students may take approved courses at Bryn Mawr College, Haverford College, and Swarthmore College.[168]

Smith Walk with a view of Towne Building and the Engineering Quad

Penn offers unique and specialized coordinated dual-degree (CDD) programs, which selectively award candidates degrees from multiple schools at the university upon completion of graduation criteria of both schools in addition to program-specific programs and senior capstone projects. Additionally, there are accelerated and interdisciplinary programs offered by the university. These undergraduate programs include:

• Huntsman Program in International Studies and Business[169]
• Jerome Fisher Program in Management and Technology (M&T)[170]
• Roy and Diana Vagelos Program in Life Sciences and Management (LSM)[171]
• Nursing and Health Care Management (NHCM)[172]
• Roy and Diana Vagelos Integrated Program in Energy Research (VIPER)[173]
• Vagelos Scholars Program in Molecular Life Sciences (MLS)[174]
• Singh Program in Networked and Social Systems Engineering (NETS)[175]
• Digital Media Design (DMD)[176]
• Computer and Cognitive Science: Artificial Intelligence[177]
• Accelerated 7-Year Bio-Dental Program[178]
• Accelerated 6-Year Law and Medicine Program[179]

Dual-degree programs that lead to the same multiple degrees without participation in the specific above programs are also available. Unlike CDD programs, "dual degree" students fulfill requirements of both programs independently without the involvement of another program. Specialized dual-degree programs include Liberal Studies and Technology as well as an Artificial Intelligence: Computer and Cognitive Science Program. Both programs award a degree from the College of Arts and Sciences and a degree from the School of Engineering and Applied Sciences. Also, the Vagelos Scholars Program in Molecular Life Sciences allows its students to either double major in the sciences or submatriculate and earn both a BA and an MS in four years. The most recent Vagelos Integrated Program in Energy Research (VIPER) was first offered for the class of 2016. A joint program of Penn's School of Arts and Sciences and the School of Engineering and Applied Science, VIPER leads to dual Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Science in Engineering degrees by combining majors from each school.

The School of Social Policy and Practice, commonly known as Penn SP2, is a school of social policy and social work that offers degrees in a variety of subfields, in addition to several dual degree programs and sub-matriculation programs.[180][181][182] Penn SP2's vision is: "The passionate pursuit of social innovation, impact and justice."[183]

Originally named the School of Social Work, SP2 was founded in 1908 and is a graduate school of the University of Pennsylvania. The school specializes in research, education, and policy development in relation to both social and economic issues.[184][185]

The School of Veterinary Medicine offers five dual-degree programs, combining the Doctor of Veterinary Medicine (VMD) with a Master of Social Work (MSW), Master of Environmental Studies (MES), Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), Master of Public Health (MPH) or Masters in Business Administration (MBA) degree. The Penn Vet dual-degree programs are meant to support veterinarians planning to engage in interdisciplinary work in the areas of human health, environmental health, and animal health and welfare.[186]

In 2018, the university's nursing school was ranked number one by Quacquarelli Symonds.[187] That year, Quacquarelli Symonds also ranked Penn's school of Veterinary Medicine sixth.[188] In 2019, the Perelman School of Medicine was named the third-best medical school for research in U.S. News & World Report's 2020 ranking.[189]

The University of Pennsylvania Health System, also known as UPHS, is a multi-hospital health system headquartered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, owned by Trustees of University of Pennsylvania. UPHS and the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania together constitute Penn Medicine, a clinical and research entity of the University of Pennsylvania. UPHS hospitals include the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania,[190] Penn Presbyterian Medical Center, Pennsylvania Hospital, Chester County Hospital, Lancaster General Hospital, and Princeton Medical Center.[191] Penn Medicine owns and operates the first hospital in the United States, the Pennsylvania Hospital.[192] It is also home to America's first surgical amphitheatre[193] and its first medical library.[194]

Undergraduate admission is selective. For the Class of 2026 (entering fall 2022), Penn received 54,588 applications and admitted 3,404 applicants (4.24%).[195][196] Reported test score ranges for enrolled first-year students (25th–75th percentile) were 1510–1560 (SAT) and 34–36 (ACT).[195]

Admission is need-blind for U.S., Canadian, and Mexican applicants.[197]

Academic rankings
National
Forbes[198]	10
U.S. News & World Report[199]	7 (tie)
Washington Monthly[200]	15
WSJ/College Pulse[201]	13
Global
ARWU[202]	14
QS[203]	15
THE[205]	14[204]
U.S. News & World Report[206]	15

U.S. News & World Report's 2024 rankings place Penn 6th of 394 national universities in the United States.[199] In international rankings, Penn is consistently placed among the top universities globally by several publications.[207] The Princeton Review student survey ranked Penn in 2023 as 7th in their Dream Colleges list.[208] Penn was ranked 4th of 444 in the United States by College Factual for 2024.[209] The Wall Street Journal reported in 2024 that Penn's undergraduate alumni earned the 5th highest salaries (taking into account the cost of education and other factors[210]).

Among its professional schools, the school of education was ranked number one in 2021 and Wharton School was ranked number one in 2022[211] and 2024[212] and the communication, dentistry, medicine, nursing, law and veterinary schools rank in the top 5 nationally.[213] Penn's Law School was ranked number 4 in 2023[214] and Penn's School of Design and Architecture, and its School of Social Policy and Practice are ranked in the top 10.[213]

ENIAC, the first general purpose electronic computer, founded at Penn in 1946

Penn is classified as an "R1" doctoral university: "Highest research activity".[215] A 2016 study estimated Penn's economic impact on the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania in 2015 at $14.3 billion.[216] Penn reported research expenditures totaling over $1.9 billion in 2023; the National Science Foundation ranked Penn third among U.S. universities in reported research and development spending for that year.[217] In fiscal year 2019, Penn received $582.3 million in funding from the National Institutes of Health.[218]

Penn's research centers and institutes often span multiple disciplines. In the 2010–2011 academic year, several interdisciplinary research centers were created or substantially expanded, including the Center for Health-care Financing,[219] the Center for Global Women's Health at the Nursing School,[220] and the Translational Research Center at Penn Medicine.[221] Penn also supports cross-school faculty appointments through the "Penn Integrates Knowledge" program.[222]

Research conducted at Penn has been associated with developments in computing and medicine. During World War II, engineers at the Moore School of Electrical Engineering developed ENIAC, an early electronic general-purpose computer, at the University of Pennsylvania.[223][224] In oncology, Penn Medicine researchers were involved in the development of CAR T cell therapy; the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved tisagenlecleucel (Kymriah) in 2017 as the first CAR T-cell immunotherapy approved by the agency.[225][226]

Penn faculty have also been recognized through major scientific awards. In 1972, physicist John Robert Schrieffer, then a professor at the University of Pennsylvania, shared the Nobel Prize in Physics for work on the theory of superconductivity (BCS theory).[227] In 2000, chemist Alan G. MacDiarmid, then a professor at the University of Pennsylvania, shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for the discovery and development of electrically conductive polymers.[228]

Penn offers undergraduate housing through its College Houses system, which includes residence halls and residential programs that combine housing with faculty involvement and student programming.[229]

Penn students participate in a wide range of student organizations, including publications, performing arts groups, and community and cultural organizations. Student media include The Daily Pennsylvanian, an independent student-run newspaper founded in 1885, and 34th Street Magazine.[230] One of the university’s oldest student organizations is the Philomathean Society, founded in 1813.[231]

Penn’s performing arts groups include ensembles such as the University of Pennsylvania Glee Club and the University of Pennsylvania Band.[232][233] Student performing arts groups are coordinated through the university’s Performing Arts Council.[234] The Penn Singers is a light opera company at the University of Pennsylvania. The group was founded in 1957 as the University's first all-female choir and was converted into a co-ed light opera company in 1972. The group performs two major productions each year - a Broadway-style musical or revue in the fall, and a Gilbert and Sullivan operetta or a show in the spring.[235][236][237] Founded in 1936, the Pennsylvania Players was the first student theatre group at the University of Pennsylvania. With the guidance of professional directors, Penn Players produces two major shows each year, a musical in the fall and a straight play in the spring, in the Harold Prince Theater of the Annenberg Center.[238]

The Penn Debate Society (PDS), founded in 1984 as the Penn Parliamentary Debate Society, is Penn's debate team, which competes regularly on the American Parliamentary Debate Association and the international British Parliamentary circuit.[239]

Penn Electric Racing unveiled REV8 on March 31, 2023, in front of the Statue of Benjamin Franklin in front of College Hall.

Penn Electric Racing is the university's Formula SAE (FSAE) team, competing in the international electric vehicle (EV) competition. Colloquially known as "PER", the team designs, manufactures, and races custom electric racecars against other collegiate teams. In 2015, PER built and raced their first racecar, REV1, at the Lincoln Nebraska FSAE competition, winning first place.[240] The team repeated their success with their next two racecars: REV2 won second place in 2016,[241] and REV3 won first place in 2017.[242]

As a sign of school pride, crowds of Quaker fans perform a unique ritual. After the third quarter of football games, spirited onlookers unite in the singing of "Drink a Highball," which refers to the University's unofficial cocktail, the Pennsylvanian, made with Calvados, a dash of Madeira Wine, an egg white, and a twist of lemon.[243][244][245] In years long past, students would make a toast with the drink to the success of Penn's athletic teams. During Prohibition, stubborn students insisted on keeping their tradition - since they could not use alcohol, they had no choice but to literally "toast" Penn. As the last line, "Here's a toast to dear old Penn," is sung, the fans send toast hurling through the air onto the sidelines. In another version of the origins of toast throwing, in 1977, a student threw the first slice of toast after being inspired while attending a showing of The Rocky Horror Picture Show where members of the audience throw toast at the screen. In more recent years, some students have become more creative in their choice of projectiles, and it is not rare to see a hail of bagels or donuts, or even a loaf of French bread come flying down from the stands.[246]

The sweeper is often called the "toast Zamboni".[247]

A scene from the finale of Hey Day for Class of 2006

In April, several class traditions are celebrated. Class Day, which began in 1865 to supplement the final graduation exercises, celebrates the progression of all classes and the departure of the seniors. In 1916, this day merged with Straw Hat Day and became the "day of two events." In 1931, Hey Day arose from these two celebrations. On this day, the juniors gather on High Rise Field for a picnic, don straw "skimmers" and canes, and march triumphantly down Locust Walk to College Hall.

The procession tradition began in 1949. More recently, the straw skimmers have changed to Styrofoam hats, and classmates take bites out of one another's hats. When the procession reaches College Hall, the students make an arch with their canes to greet the President of the University. The outgoing and incoming senior class presidents then give speeches, and the juniors are "officially" declared seniors. In May 2015, the university commemorated the celebration of the 100th Hey Day.[248]

One plants ivy by a building, and an "Ivy Stone" is placed on the building to commemorate the occasion. In 1981, the day was officially moved to the Saturday before Commencement. Also on this day, the Spoon, Bowl, Cane, and Spade awards, honoring four graduating men, and the Hottel, Harnwell, Goddard, and Brownlee awards, honoring four graduating women, are presented. During the celebration, a noted individual who is chosen by the class gives an address. Recent Ivy Day addresses have been presented by Penn Parent Joan Rivers, former Philadelphia Mayor and Governor of Pennsylvania (and also a Penn alumnus) Ed Rendell, and basketball player Julius Erving.

Penn's 250th Commencement.

The building receiving the Ivy Stone is very often a building of some significance to the graduating class. For example, in 1983, a stone was placed near the field in Franklin Field celebrating Penn's first Ivy League championship in football since 1959, the previous fall—at the yard line from which the game-winning field goal against Harvard was kicked, clinching at least a share of the championship.[249]

Spring Fling is an annual festival for the students at the end of each Spring semester, usually beginning on the Friday of the second-to-last week of the semester and continuing until Saturday night. Fling, which began in 1973, is dubbed the largest college party on the East Coast, and is hosted by the university's Social Planning and Events Committee.[250] The event takes place on College Green, Penn Commons, and The Quadrangle (or Quad) for a student body drenched in alcohol, for the most part. Over the past few years, there has been legitimate discussion towards potentially moving the event out of the Quad, but improved behavior has resulted in the carnival aspect of the festival remaining in the Quad. College Green becomes a staging area for carnival games and carnival food. Two stages in the Quad host Penn's performing arts groups. Saturday night, Penn holds a festival on College Green, and Friday night SPEC (The Social Planning and Events Committee SPEC – Bringing events to Penn since 1989) brings in a headlining musical act for a concert. Past guests for this concert have included Wyclef Jean, Busta Rhymes, Sonic Youth, and Of A Revolution.[76]

Student life at Penn has been the subject of national attention in discussions of student stress and campus mental health. The term "Penn Face" has been used to describe a perceived culture of presenting confidence or happiness despite academic and social pressures.[251] The university has convened task forces and issued reports addressing student psychological health and welfare.[252]

Penn Athletics Logo Penn’s early cricket team, one of the university’s first organized sports, in 1843

Penn’s varsity teams are known as the Penn Quakers (also called “the Red and Blue”).[253] Penn competes in NCAA Division I and is a member of the Ivy League. Its football team competes in the Division I Football Championship Subdivision. Penn sponsors 33 varsity sports.[254]

Several of Penn’s athletics traditions and facilities are nationally notable. Franklin Field, home to Penn football and the annual Penn Relays, is among the country’s best-known historic college stadiums. Penn’s athletics history includes early participation in sports such as cricket and rowing, and the university has produced numerous Olympic athletes and medalists.[255] At least 43 different Penn alumni have earned 81 Olympic medals (26 gold).[29][note 12]

• Football – Ivy League competition at Franklin Field; notable alumni include Chuck Bednarik.[256]

• Men's basketball – A long-running Ivy League program and a member of Philadelphia’s Big 5; Penn's best-known postseason run was its 1979 Final Four appearance.[257]

• Rowing – One of Penn’s oldest competitive sports, with long-standing participation on Philadelphia’s Boathouse Row and alumni who have competed internationally[258]

• Track and field – Central to Penn's athletics identity through the Penn Relays, one of the sport's major annual meets[259]

Penn's Franklin Field, in photograph taken shortly after completion of the upper deck in 1925

Franklin Field, with a present seating capacity of 52,593,[260] is where the Quakers play football, lacrosse, sprint football and track and field (and formerly played baseball, field hockey, soccer, and rugby). It is the oldest stadium still operating for college football games,[261] first stadium to sport two tiers,[262] first stadium in the country to have a scoreboard, second stadium to have a radio broadcast of football, first stadium from which a commercially televised football game was broadcast,[260] and first stadium from which college football game was broadcast in color.[263] Franklin Field also played host to the Philadelphia Eagles from 1958 to 1970.[260] Since 1895, Franklin Field has hosted the annual collegiate track and field event "the Penn Relays", which is the oldest and largest track and field competition in the United States.[264]

Penn's Palestra is often referred to as the Cathedral of College Basketball.[265]

Penn's Palestra is home gym of the Penn Quakers men's and women's basketball and volleyball teams, wrestling team, Philadelphia Big Five basketball, and other high school and college sporting events, and is located mere yards from Franklin Field.[266] The Palestra has been called "the most important building in the history of college basketball" and "changed the entire history of the sport for which it was built".[267] The Palestra has hosted more NCAA Tournament basketball games than any other facility.

Penn's River Fields hosts a number of athletic fields including the Rhodes Soccer Stadium, the Ellen Vagelos C'90 Field Hockey Field, and Irving "Moon" Mondschein Throwing Complex.[268] Penn baseball plays its home games at Meiklejohn Stadium at Murphy Field.

Penn's Class of 1923 Arena (with seating for up to 3,000 people) was built to host the University of Pennsylvania Varsity Ice Hockey Team, which has been disbanded, and now hosts or in the past hosted: Penn's Men's and Penn Women's club ice hockey teams, practices or exhibition games for the Philadelphia Flyers, Colorado Avalanche and Carolina Hurricanes, roller hockey for the Philadelphia Bulldogs professional team, and rock concerts such as one in 1982 featuring Prince.[269][270][271]

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Since its founding, Penn alumni, trustees, and faculty have included eight Founding Fathers of the United States who signed the Declaration of Independence,[23] seven who signed the United States Constitution,[23] and 24 members of the Continental Congress.

Penn alumni include two presidents of the United States (William Henry Harrison,[note 5] and Donald Trump),[273][274] 32 U.S. senators, 163 members of the U.S. House of Representatives, 19 U.S. Cabinet Secretaries, 46 governors, and 28 State Supreme Court justices, 36 billionaires,[26][275] and as of 2023[update] there have been 38 Nobel laureates affiliated (see List of Nobel laureates by university affiliation) with the University.[276][135]

Prior to becoming president of the United States, Joe Biden was a Benjamin Franklin Presidential Practice Professor at University of Pennsylvania, where he led the Penn Biden Center for Diplomacy and Global Engagement, a center focused principally on diplomacy, foreign policy, and national security.[277][278]

Nine foreign heads of state attended Penn (including former prime minister of the Philippines, Cesar Virata;[279] first president of Nigeria, Nnamdi Azikiwe;[280] first president of Ghana, Kwame Nkrumah,[281] former Prime Minister of Latvia, Krišjānis Kariņš, former President of Panama, Ernesto Pérez Balladares, former President of Argentina, Mauricio Macri, former President of Estonia, Toomas Hendrik Ilves, and the current president of Ivory Coast, Alassane Ouattara.[282] [citation needed]

Penn alumni or faculty also include three United States Supreme Court justices (William J. Brennan,[283] Owen J. Roberts,[284] and James Wilson) and four Supreme Court justices of foreign nations, (including Ronald Wilson of the High Court of Australia, Ayala Procaccia of the Israel Supreme Court, Yvonne Mokgoro, former justice of the Constitutional Court of South Africa, and Irish Court of Appeal justice Gerard Hogan).[citation needed]

Penn alumni in business, finance and investment banking include Warren Buffett[note 13] (CEO of Berkshire Hathaway), Charles Butt (Chairman and CEO of H-E-B),[285] Richard Bloch (Co-founder of H&R Block), Josh Harris (Co-founder of Apollo Global Management),[286] Leonard Lauder (Chairman & CEO of The Estée Lauder Companies),[287] Elon Musk (CEO of Tesla, cofounder of OpenAI and Neuralink, founder of SpaceX, The Boring Company and xAI),[288] Edmund T. Pratt Jr. (Chairman & CEO of Pfizer),[289] and Sundar Pichai (CEO of Alphabet and Google).[290]

Penn alumni have won 53 Tony Awards,[291][292] 17 Grammy Awards,[293] 25 Emmy Awards,[294][295] 13 Oscars, and 1 EGOT (John Legend[296]).[note 14]

In the military, Penn alumni include Samuel Nicholas, "founder" of United States Marine Corps[297] and William A. Newell, whose congressional action formed a predecessor to the current United States Coast Guard.[298] Two Penn alumni have been NASA astronauts,[299] and five Penn alumni have been awarded the Medal of Honor.[27][28]

In 1952, in presence of then Penn President Harold Stassen Penn installed (near corner of 33rd Street and Smith Walk) "War Memorial Flagpole" (aka "All Wars Memorial to Penn Alumni"), which honors Penn faculty, students, and alumni who died in military service.[300]

Penn's alumni also include poets Ezra Pound and William Carlos Williams,[301] civil rights leader Martin Luther King, Jr.,[302] linguist and political theorist Noam Chomsky, athletes Jerome Allen, Chuck Bednarik, Mark DeRosa,[303] Doug Glanville,[304] and Justin Watson,[305] businesspeople Steve Cohen,[306] J. D. Power III,[307] Donald Trump Jr.,[308] Ivanka Trump[309] and George Herbert Walker IV, journalist's Max Blumenthal, Nancy Cordes,[310]Jeffrey Goldberg,[311] Andrea Mitchell[312] and Ashley Parker,[313] architect Louis Kahn, cartoonist Charles Addams, actors and actresses Candice Bergen,[314] Elizabeth Banks,[315] Bruce Dern, Melissa Fitzgerald, James McDaniel, Becki Newton and Noah Schnapp.

Penn has over 120 international alumni clubs in 52 countries and 37 states, which offer opportunities for alumni to reconnect, participate in events, and work on collaborative initiatives.[316] In addition, in 1989, Penn bought a 14-story clubhouse building (purpose-built for Yale Club) in New York City from Touro College for $15 million[317] to house Penn's largest alumni chapter. After raising a separate $25 million (including $150,000+ donations each from such alumni as Estee Lauder heirs Leonard Lauder and Ronald Lauder, Saul Steinberg, Michael Milken, Donald Trump, and Ronald Perelman) and two years of renovation,[318] the Penn Club of New York moved to its current location at 30 West 44th Street on NYC's Clubhouse Row.[319]

• Education in Philadelphia
• List of universities by number of billionaire alumni
• Think Tanks and Civil Societies Program (TTCSP)
• University of Pennsylvania Press

• Official website
• University of Pennsylvania athletics website