Expatriates in the United Arab Emirates

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"Migrants in the United Arab Emirates" redirects here. For the foreign workers who have moved to the UAE for work, see Migrant workers in the United Arab Emirates.
Expatriates in the United Arab Emirates
Total population
9.66 million (2025 est.)
Approximately 89% of the UAE population
Regions with significant populations
Dubai • Abu Dhabi
Languages
English (lingua franca) • Arabic • Hindi • Malayalam • Urdu • Pashto • Tagalog • Persian • Russian • Others
Religion
Islam • Christianity • Hinduism • Others
Related ethnic groups
Expatriates in Kuwait

Expatriates in the United Arab Emirates represent about 89% of the population, while Emiratis constitute roughly 11% of the total population, making the UAE home to the world's highest percentage of expatriates after the Vatican City.[1][2]

Most immigrants reside in Dubai and the capital, Abu Dhabi.[3] The UAE is home to over 200 nationalities.[4] Indians and Pakistanis form the largest expatriate groups in the country, constituting 28%[5] and 16% of the total population respectively.[6] Westerners in the United Arab Emirates make up around 5% of its total population.[7][8]

History and background

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A number of immigrants settled in the country prior to independence.[9][10] The United Arab Emirates attracts immigrants from all over the world; this may be because UAE nationals prefer to work for the government or military.[11][12] The country's relatively liberal society compared to some of its neighbours has attracted many global expatriates, including people from the Western nations.[13] Many immigrants were also attracted by its tax-free status.[14][15]

However, since the late 2010s, an influx of high-net-worth individuals has significantly increased the cost of living, especially housing and private school fees. The UAE went from being the 90th most expensive destination for expatriates in 2013 to the 31st in 2023.[14] As a result, thousands of middle-class workers left the country.[14] Saudi Arabia is competing with Dubai to attract these expatriates.[16] The absence of an easy route to citizenship is another cause of emigration.[15] Lower-paid expatriates are less affected by the local inflation as they work in manual professions such as construction and cleaning where their employers pay for their rent, electricity and transportation.[17]

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Under Article 8 of UAE Federal Law no. 17, an expatriate can apply for UAE citizenship after residing in the country for a period not less than 30 years providing that person has maintained a good reputation, has never been convicted of a crime and is fluent in Arabic.[18]

Middle Eastern and North African (MENA) populations

[edit]

This section covers Arab populations from the Middle East and North Africa.

Nationality Estimated Population Notes and References
Egypt Egyptians 857,947 [3]
Jordan Jordanians 250,000 One of the largest Jordanian diaspora communities.[19][20]
Syria Syrians 250,000 Prominent in media, real estate, fashion, and business. Notable residents have included Ronaldo Mouchawar and Michel Chalhoub.[21][22][23][24][25]
Iraq Iraqis 200,000 Iraqis have contributed significantly to the UAE as engineers and politicians, most notably Adnan Pachachi.[26][27]
Palestine Palestinians 200,000 One of the largest non-citizen Arab communities.[28]
Sudan Sudanese 200,000 Mainly based in Dubai.[29]
Morocco Moroccans 164,000 Largest group of Maghreb migrants in the country.[30]
Lebanon Lebanese 156,000 Many are involved in business and media. Notable nationals include Antoine Choueiri and Elias Bou Saab.[31]
Saudi Arabia Saudis 150,247 GCC members. Working mostly in commerce, industry, medicine, law, and insurance.[32]
Somalia Somalis 101,000 Strong entrepreneurial presence (gold stores, hotels, internet cafes). The Somali Business Council regulates 175 companies.[33][34][35]
Yemen Yemenis 99,638 Notable Emirati-naturalized Yemeni: Singer Balqees.[29]
Algeria Algerians 30,000
Tunisia Tunisians 29,000 Served by the Tunisian Business Council in Abu Dhabi.[36][37][38][39][40][41]
Libya Libyans 20,000 Many Libyans who lived in exile returned to Libya after the fall of the former regime.[42]
Oman Omanis 10,000 GCC members. Many work in the officer corps and police forces. UAE is a popular destination for Omani students.[43][44][45][46][44]
Mauritania Mauritanians 5,965 [3][47]
Kuwait Kuwaitis 5,200 Includes around 1,000 students. GCC nationals can live and work in UAE without restrictions.[48][49][50][51]
Qatar Qataris 2,671 GCC citizens. Relations were affected by the 2017–18 Qatar diplomatic crisis but family members were often exempt from bans.[52][53][54][55]
Bahrain Bahrainis 1,117 Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) membership enables Bahraini nationals to enter the UAE without restrictions.[56]

West Asian populations (Non-Arabs)

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Nationality Estimated Population Notes and References
Armenia Armenians ~5,000
See also: Armenians in the Middle East
[57]
Azerbaijan Azerbaijanis ~12,000 [58]
Iran Iranians 540,000 (2025) Largest non-citizen West Asian community.[59][3]
Israel Israelis ~7,000 (2025)
Further information: History of the Jews in the United Arab Emirates
Relations normalised in 2020. Before this, Israelis with dual citizenship entered via other passports.[60][61]
Turkey Turks ~44,500 (2024) Rose from 8,000 in 2010. Many Turkish doctors have moved to Dubai in recent years.[62][63][64][65][66][67]

Sub-Saharan African populations

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Nationality Estimated Population Notes and References
Angola Angolans ~1,200 [3]
Chad Chadians 9,246 (2019) [3][68]
Comoros Comorians ~1,000+ Many are stateless Bedoon who obtained Comorian passports via investment deals.[69][70][71][72]
Eritrea Eritreans 3,000–4,000 (2010) [73]
Ethiopia Ethiopians ~100,000 Significant presence in domestic work, aviation, and hospitality.[74][75][76][77]
Ghana Ghanaians over 300 [78][79]
Kenya Kenyans 30,000 (2024) [80]
Nigeria Nigerians 50,000–100,000 Faced labour policy issues in 2021.[81][82][83]
Senegal Senegalese 700–800 [3]
South Africa South Africans ~100,000 (2014) [84][85]
South Sudan South Sudanese Small community Primarily Christian; Flydubai operates flights to Juba.[86][87]
Uganda Ugandans ~70,000 [88][89]

Central Asian populations

[edit]
Nationality Estimated Population Notes and References
Afghanistan Afghans ~300,000 (2023) Largest Afghan community in the Arab world. Significant business presence (e.g., Azizi Group).
Kazakhstan Kazakhs 5,000–6,000 (2015) [90][91][3]
Kyrgyzstan Kyrgyz ~4,000 (2012) [92][93][94]
Uzbekistan Uzbeks ~14,000 (2016) [94][95][96]

East Asian populations

[edit]
Nationality Estimated Population Notes and References
China Chinese Significant
Main article: Chinese people in the United Arab Emirates
Japan Japanese ~4,000 Largest Japanese community in the Arab world. ~105 Japanese companies in Jebel Ali Free Zone (2007).[97][98][99]
South Korea South Koreans ~3,100
Further information: Koreans in the Arab world
Largest South Korean population in the Arab world. Includes many airline crew and businessmen.[100][101][102][103][104][105][106]
North Korea North Koreans ~1,300 Primarily labourers.[107]
Taiwan Taiwanese ~400 [3]

South Asian populations

[edit]
Nationality Estimated Population Notes and References
Bangladesh Bangladeshis 1.2 million (2024) Major source of labour force. Remittances exceeded US$512.6M in 2005–06.[108][109][110]
Bhutan Bhutanese Small community [111]
India Indians 4.3 million (2024)
Main article: Indians in the United Arab Emirates
Largest expatriate group.[5]
Nepal Nepalese >225,000 (2014) Mostly construction, hospitality, and security workers.[112][113][114]
Pakistan Pakistanis 1.9 million (2025 estimate)
Main article: Pakistanis in the United Arab Emirates
Second largest expatriate group.
Sri Lanka Sri Lankans 320,000 (2023) Second largest Sri Lankan diaspora in the world.[115][116]

Southeast Asian and Oceanian populations

[edit]
Nationality Estimated Population Notes and References
Australia Australians ~20,000 (2024)
Main article: Australians in the United Arab Emirates
Population fluctuated during 2009 financial crisis. Served by the Australia-New Zealand Association.[117][118][119][120]
Fiji Fijians Hundreds Includes native and Indo-Fijians. Often work in retail, hospitality, security and aviation.[121][122][123][124][125][126][127][128][129]
Philippines Filipinos ~780,000 (2025)
Main article: Filipinos in the United Arab Emirates
One of the largest groups.[130]
Indonesia Indonesians Significant
Main article: Indonesians in the United Arab Emirates
Malaysia Malaysians ~6,000 (2010) [131][132]
New Zealand New Zealanders ~4,000 [133][134][135]
Samoa Samoans Very small Active in rugby. Notable: Apollo Perelini.[136][137]
Singapore Singaporeans ~2,100 [138]
Thailand Thais ~8,000+ [139]
Vietnam Vietnamese >5,000 [140][3]

North and South American populations

[edit]
Nationality Estimated Population Notes and References
United States Americans ~50,000 (2024)
Main article: Americans in the United Arab Emirates
One of the largest Western expatriate communities.[3][141]
Argentina Argentines ~2,000 Primarily pilots, bankers, and footballers (including Diego Maradona previously).[142]
Brazil Brazilians ~5,500 (2020) Many work for Emirates airline (over 100 pilots and 600 stewards as of 2010) and in football.[143][144][145][146]
Canada Canadians ~60,000 (2024)
Main article: Canadians in the United Arab Emirates
Hosts Canadian University Dubai.[147][148][149]
Colombia Colombians ~8,500 Largest Latin American community. Notable athletes include Kevin Agudelo.[150]
Mexico Mexicans ~3,000 [151]
Peru Peruvians ~300 Strong presence in F&B sector.[3]
Venezuela Venezuelans ~1,200 (2015) Mostly in oil and gas.[3]
Caribbean (Various) ~2,000 (2014) Includes populations from Cuba Cuba, Dominican Republic Dominican Republic, and Jamaica Jamaica.[152][153][154][155][156][157][3][158][159]

European populations

[edit]
Nationality Estimated Population Notes and References
Albania Albanians 200–300 [160][161]
Austria Austrians 1,800 [162]
Belarus Belarusians ~2,500 [3]
Belgium Belgians ~3,000 [3]
Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnians 1,000–2,000 [3][163]
United Kingdom British ~240,000 (2024) Long-standing community dating back to the Trucial States era.[164]
Bulgaria Bulgarians ~7,000 Largest Bulgarian population in the Arab world.[165][166][167][168]
Croatia Croatians >2,500 [169]
Cyprus Cypriots ~1,000 [3][170]
Czech Republic Czechs ~1,500 (2015) [3]
Denmark Danes ~2,000 (2010) [171][172]
Netherlands Dutch ~4,500 (2011) [173]
Finland Finns ~1,180 [3]
France French ~45,000 (2024) Close to 300 French enterprises operate in the country.[174][175][176]
Germany Germans ~10,000 Three German schools exist in the UAE.[177]
Greece Greeks >5,500 Community includes >300 Greek companies. Greek Orthodox Church of St Nikolaos is in Abu Dhabi.[3][178][179][180]
Republic of Ireland Irish ~10,000 [181][182][183][184]
Italy Italians ~10,000
Main article: Italians in the United Arab Emirates
[3]
Latvia Latvians ~300 [185]
Norway Norwegians 1,500–2,000 [186]
Poland Poles ~9,000 Largest Polish population in the Arab world.[187]
Portugal Portuguese ~4,000 [188]
Romania Romanians ~6,444 [189][190]
Russia Russians ~500,000 (2024 estimate) Includes 40,000 nationals plus others from CIS states. Huge presence in real estate and tourism.[191]
Serbia Serbs ~5,000 [7]
Slovakia Slovaks ~1,000 [3]
Slovenia Slovenians 100–150 [3]
Spain Spaniards ~2,500 [192][193]
Sweden Swedes >3,000 [194]
Switzerland Swiss ~2,430 [3]
Ukraine Ukrainians ~5,000 (2014) [195][3]

See also

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References

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