| Suryaraja สุริยราชา | |
|---|---|
| King of Kamphaeng Phet–Sukhothai | |
| King of Kamphaeng Phet | |
| Reign | 1156–1184 |
| Predecessor | Monarch established |
| Successor | Candraraja |
| King of Sukhothai | |
| Reign | Ruled from Kamphaeng Phet |
| Predecessor | Pra Poa Noome Thele Seri |
| Successor | Candraraja |
| Born | 1136 |
| Died | 1184 (aged 47–48) Kamphaeng Phet |
| Consort | Sirisudhārājadevī |
| Issue | Candraraja of Sukhothai |
| House | Phra Ruang |
| Father | Suryavamsa of Xiū Luó Fēn |
| Mother | Padmavatī |
Suryaraja (Thai: สุริยราชา), son of Suryavamsa, was a Siamese monarch mentioned in the Ayutthaya Testimonies as the ruler of Vicitraprakāra (วิเชียรปราการ), a polity identified with the present-day Kamphaeng Phet. A descendant of King Padumasuriyavamsa, Suryaraja was recorded to have relocated to Vicitraprakāra in 1156 CE,[a] where he established his principal seat of power. He ascended the throne at the age of twenty and reigned over the polity for a period of twenty-eight years.[1][2][3]: ๔๓–๔ Suryaraja’s northward relocation coincided with the reconsolidation of the lower Menam basin in 1157 CE under Sri Dharmasokaraja II, whose authority in the region appears to have continued until approximately 1180, when Angkorian expansion extended both military and political influence into the area.[4]: 39–41
Suryaraja’s authority may have extended to Sukhothai, as Michael Smithies has tentatively proposed that Pra Poa Noome Thele Seri—whose dynasty, like that of Suryaraja, descended from King Padumasuriyavamsa[b] —relocated northward from Yassouttora Nacoora Louang (or Tasoo Nacora Louang) to establish his dominion at Sukhothai–Lacontai in the mid-1150s. It has been further suggested that he may have belonged to the same royal lineage as Si Intharathit,[7]: 133 the grandson of Suryaraja, who later ascended the throne of the Sukhothai Kingdom in 1238.[8] Pra Poa Noome Thele Seri and his younger brother, Uthong I of Mueang Chaliang, were subsequently said to have moved southward to consolidate their authority in the western Menam valleys around 1156–1157 CE,[7]: 127 a timeframe that corresponds closely with the calculated date of Suryaraja’s enthronement at Kamphaeng Phet.
Suryaraja was married to Sirisudhārājadevī (สิริสุธาราชเทวี), with whom he had a son named Candraraja.[1] The latter subsequently ascended to the throne as ruler of Vicitraprakāra–Sukhothai, reigning from 1184 to 1214.[c][9]
Notes
[edit]- ^ Based on chronological calculation, if his son Candraraja ascended the throne in 1184, Suryaraja’s reign must have commenced in 1156, as the source records his rule as lasting twenty-eight years. Furthermore, given that he is described as having ascended the throne at the age of twenty, this would place his birth around 1136 CE.
- ^ Pra Poa Noome Thele Seri is referred to as Intharacha (อินทราชา) in the text,[5] and the first monarch of his line, Visnuraja, was of the Padumasuriyavamsa descendant.[6]
- ^ The text records that his reign lasted for thirty years; however, the chronological data presented are internally inconsistent, as it states that his reign commenced in the year 570 of the Chula Sakarat Era and concluded in 576 (1214 CE), which would indicate a reign of only six years. Consequently, if the duration of thirty years is to be accepted as accurate, his accession must have occurred in the year 546 of the Chula Sakarat Era (1184 CE).
References
[edit]Citation
[edit]- ^ a b Fine Arts Department 1968, p. 11.
- ^ Kanjana Chansingh (18 February 2020). "กษัตริย์เมืองกำแพงเพชรในสมัยทวารวดี" [The king of Kamphaeng Phet during the Dvaravati period.]. Kamphaengphet Rajabhat University (in Thai). Archived from the original on 8 January 2026. Retrieved 9 January 2026.
}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ^ ประชุมพงศาวดาร เล่ม 41: จดหมายเหตุรายวัน ทัพสมัยกรุงธนบุรี เล่าเรื่องไปชวา ครั้งที่ 3 [Collected Chronicles, Volume 41: Daily Records of the Army during the Thonburi Period, Recounting the Third Trip to Java.] (PDF) (in Thai). Bangkok: Suksapan. 1969. Archived from the original on 2026-01-08. Retrieved 2026-01-08.
}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ^ Chatchai Sukrakarn (October 2005). "พระเจ้าศรีธรรมาโศกราช" [Sri Thammasokaraj] (PDF) (in Thai). Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 August 2024. Retrieved 6 November 2024.
- ^ Fine Arts Department 1968, p. 44, 46.
- ^ Fine Arts Department 1968, p. 37–8.
- ^ a b Michael Smithies; Dhiravat na Pombejra (2022). "Instructions Given to the Siamese Envoys Sent to Portugal, 1684" (PDF). Journal of the Siam Society. 90 (Part 1 & 2). Archived from the original on 2025-08-23. Retrieved 2025-11-07.
}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ^ Cœdès, G. (1921). "The Origins of the Sukhodaya Dynasty" (PDF). Journal of the Siam Society. 14 (1). Siam Heritage Trust. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 31, 2013. Retrieved March 17, 2013. (1) The translation of this paper, which has been read at a joint session of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, Société Asiatique, and American Oriental Society, and published in the Journal asiatique (April–June 1920), is the work of Mr. J. Crosby, to whom the author begs to tend his heartfelt thanks.
- ^ Fine Arts Department 1968, p. 11, 17.
Sources
[edit]- Fine Arts Department, ed. (1968) [First published in Thai in 1912.]. Khamhaikan Chao Krung Kao Khamhaikan Khun Luang Ha Wat Lae Phra Ratcha Pongsawadarn Krung Kao Chabab Luang Luang Prasoet Aksorn คำให้การชาวกรุงเก่า คำให้การขุนหลวงหาวัด และ พระราชพงศาวดารกรุงเก่าฉบับหลวงประเสริฐอักษรนิติ์ [Testimony of the King Who Entered a Wat, Testimony of the Inhabitants of the Old Capital, and Royal Chronicle of the Old Capital: Luang Prasoet Aksorn Version] (PDF) (in Thai). Bangkok: Rung Rueang Tham. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 April 2023. Retrieved 12 December 2024.