Primera Fuerza

Campeonato de Primera Fuerza/Liga Mayor

Founded	1922; 104 years ago (1922) (as Campeonato de Primera Fuerza) 1931; 95 years ago (1931) (as Liga Mayor)
Folded	1943; 83 years ago (1943)
Country	Mexico
Number of clubs	18
Level on pyramid	1
Domestic cup(s)	Copa México (1932–1942)
Last champions	Marte (2nd title)
Most championships	Real España (6 titles)

Campeonato de Primera Fuerza, later renamed as Liga Mayor, was an amateur association football league in Mexico and the highest level of the amateur era of Mexican football. It was the first competition created and organized by the Federación Mexicana de Football Asociación, the first governing body of football in Mexico, after the merger of Liga Mexicana and Liga Nacional in 1922. The league was held from 1922 to 1943, when the first national professional league was started.

The inaugural edition of the league was the 1922–23 season, with Asturias finishing as the first champions in history. The final edition was the 1942–43 season, with Marte finishing as the last champions.

The league had a total of 18 participating clubs throughout its history, only two clubs played their home matches outside of Mexico City.

The most successful club was Real España with 6 titles, followed by América and Necaxa with 4 titles each, Asturias, Atlante and Marte with 2 titles each. In all, those six clubs won the competition at least once.

Prior to the Liga MX (at that time named Liga Mayor), there was no true national football league in Mexico and all football competitions were held within relatively small geographical regions. The winners of the Liga Mexicana de Football Amateur Association, a local league consisting of teams in and around Mexico City, was the first amateur football league played in Mexico from 1902 to 1922. There were other regional leagues such as the Liga Amateur de Veracruz, Liga Occidental De Jalisco and Liga del Bajío that also had notable clubs. Many club owners were not keen on the idea of establishing a professional league, despite paying players under the table. With the increasing demand for football, there was a sense of urgency to unite all the local amateur leagues in Mexico to progress as a football nation. The first professional national league was officially established in 1943.[1]

The people who pushed football in Mexico were Percy C. Clifford and Robert J. Blackmoore. This brought the rules of play and the first regulatory balls. English Alfred Crowle, who played for Pachuca since 1908, also had considerable influence on the sport. In 1910, Club México is founded, the first team formed by Alfredo B. Cuellar headed Mexican, Jorge Alberto Gomez de Parada and Sierra, then promoted by other foreign colonies: L'Amicale Française in 1911, Rovers FC and Real Club España in 1912, Centro Deportivo Español in 1914, Germania FV in 1915, Catalonia in 1917, Asturias FC in 1918, and CF Aurrerá in 1919.

Club América (at that time called Centro Unión), founded on the union of two Marist College in 1916, was the first important team composed of Mexicans in the capital city and achieved to win four consecutive championships between 1924 and 1928. In 1918, Sinaloa was founded and changed several times its name, first to Lusitania in 1919, then to U-53 in 1920, then to Atlántico in 1921 but due to the colloquial use of that word it was derived to Atlante, whose components were proletarian extraction; their leaders were the Trinidad and Refugio Martinez brothers. While between 1918 and 1920 the teams Cuenta y Administración, Guerra y Marina y Son-Sin resulted in the Club Esparta, which was then rebranded as CD Marte, brilliant team that never became popular, and even in the professional era and would move to Cuernavaca.

Regularly attended clubs outside Mexico City as Pachuca AC, Puebla AC, Veracruz SC, Iberia de Córdoba, Moctezuma de Orizaba, Orizaba AC, Tigres México, España Veracruz, these being the most successful of them, Pachuca was crowned in seasons 1904–05, 1917–18 and 1919–20. In 1920 there was a split in the Mexican amateur league, shortly before the start of the season. Real España and España Veracruz in solidarity with the expulsion of Tigres México, withdrew from the league and founded its own league named Liga Nacional. As this idea went nowhere, Orizaba scheduled a series of friendly matches to remain active, with so many rivals like España Veracruz who was defeated 9–0 on 20 October 1919, or their wins 4–0 and 2–0 against Tigres México, 2–0 on the Río Blanco and the achievements of Copa Alfonso XIII in a three-game series against Reforma and the Copa Elche in two games against Asturias. The power and influence of the Hispanic teams was such that the press of the time chose to cover their sports facilities to those meetings. Spain interference on means, suitable to be published little news about the Liga Mexicana.

The 1920–21 season was played separately with the creation of the Liga Nacional founded by Real Club España and later joined América, Luz y Fuerza, L'Amicale Française and Reforma. Meanwhile, the Liga Mexicana had the participation of Asturias, Deportivo Internacional, Club México, Club Morelos and Germania. Only two seasons were played before both leagues merged to form the first Mexican football federation.

The first football federation was founded in Mexico on August 1922, named Federación Mexicana de Football Asociación. They immediately organized to create the Campeonato de Primera Fuerza on 28 August 1922. It was considered the first direct antecedent of the current Liga MX. The members of the new league promoted the creation of the first national team, which would dispute its first match in 1923.[2]

The 1930–31 season was suspended after two days, when Asturias, Atlante, Germania, Club Mexico and Marte requested permission to remodel Campo Asturias (not to be confused with the Parque Asturias, built until 1936) which was in poor condition, to make their home games there; to the disagreement of Real España, Necaxa (both who owned their own parks) and América. This coupled with the conflict arose with the Real Federación Española de Fútbol, which had asked the FMF to disable Gaspar Rubio who had signed for Real España. It got to the point of suspension of the three clubs who unsuccessfully tried to make a parallel tournament and the Federation decided to suspend the season to definitively resolve administrative problems. After months of conflict, smoothed asperities and the competition was renamed as Liga Mayor, to organize two competitions: the Campeonato Preferente consisted of six clubs, and the Primera Ordinaria, that served as a promotion division. This competition had durability and grew to cluster up to 16 club.

Club Necaxa, founded by members of Compañía de Luz y Fuerza del Centro, was an unforgettable dynasty in the decade 1930–40 known as the "11 brothers"; the first team to win promotion, won four league titles and the Copa México twice, becoming the first "Campeonísimo" in Mexico. Among the ranks of the "11 brothers" also arises a top Mexican football legends: Horacio Casarín.

In the 1931–32 season, Veracruz SC were invited and also played the following season, although all their matches were played in Mexico City. In the 1938–39 season, CD Euzkadi was included when it was formed because the Basque Country national football team was refused permission by FIFA to play with affiliated teams. In 1937, during the Spanish Civil War, the first Basque President José Antonio Aguirre, had decided to send a Basque football club abroad in order to raise funds for the civil war that was taking place in Spain. When their homeland was captured by their enemies the players dared not return home. The Basques, under the name Club Deportivo Euzkadi, were allowed into the league and developed a fierce rivalry with traditional all Hispanic teams (Real España and Asturias) and despite winning 13 of the 17 games played, they came out of the tournament as runners-up to Asturias. At the end of the season, the team disbanded and the players became part of the Liga Mayor teams or other leagues.[3]

The 1940–41 season was the first with matches played outside of Mexico City, after Selección Jalisco and Moctezuma de Orizaba joined the league. Selección Jalisco formed by elements of Guadalajara, Atlas, Nacional, y Oro. This team had played a series of friendly matches between 1926 and 1930 as part of promotional tours by Liga Occidental de Jalisco.

Liga Mexicana de Football Amateur Association was an amateur association football league in Mexico and the first competition of the amateur era of Mexican football. It was created and organized by the Asociación de Aficionados de México en la Liga de Football (English: The Mexico Amateur Association in the Football League), formed by football fans and company workers in 1902. The league was held from 1902 to 1921, when it merged with the Liga Nacional.

The inaugural edition of the league was the 1902–03 season, with Orizaba finishing as the first champions in history. The final edition was the 1920–21 season, with Germania finishing as the last champions.

The league was entirely amateur, as it was only played by football fans and foreign immigrant workers in their spare time. It had a total of 22 participating clubs throughout its history, although mostly clubs from Mexico City. The five founding clubs of the league were: British Club, Mexico Cricket Club, Orizaba, Pachuca and Reforma.

The most successful club was Reforma with 6 titles, followed by España with 5 titles and Pachuca with 3 titles. In all, seven clubs won the competition at least once.

British Club in 1903. Participating clubs

Club	Years participating
América/Centro Unión1	1917–1920
Asturias	1919–1922
British Club/British FC/British-Popo2	1902–1913
México	1912–1918, 1919–1922
Club Morelos	1920–21
Deportivo Español	1915–1917, 1918–1920
Deportivo Internacional	1920–21
España Veracruz3	1918–1920
Germania	1915–1917, 1918–1922
Iberia de Córdoba	1921–22
L'Amicale Française	1914–15
Mexico Cricket Club/San Pedro Golf Club/Mexico Country Club4	1902–1908
México FC	1907–08
Orizaba	1902–1904
Pachuca5	1902–1920
Popo	1909–10
Puebla6	1904–05, 1906–07
España	1912–1920
España "B"	1915–1918
Reforma	1902–1915
Rovers	1912–1914
Junior Club/Tigres México7	1917–1920

Notes

1. Club América changed its name to Club Centro Unión (1918–1920), between 1920 and 1922 participated in the Liga Nacional.
2. British Club changed its name to British FC (1909–10 and 1911–12 seasons) and then British-Popo (1910–11 season).
3. Iberia de Veracruz joined the league in the 1918–19 season, and changed its name to España Veracruz.
4. Mexico Cricket Club changed its name to San Pedro Golf Club (1904–05 season) and then Mexico Country Club (1905–1907).
5. The current Club de Fútbol Pachuca founded in 1892 as Pachuca Football Club and changed its name to Pachuca Athletic Club in 1895.
6. Founded in 1892 as Puebla Football Club and changed its name to Puebla Athletic Club in 1894. It has no relation with Club Puebla, which was founded in 1944.
7. Junior Club changed its name to Tigres México in 1918.

Results

Ed.	Year	Champions	Result	Runners-up	Manager
1	1902–03	Orizaba	Round-robin	Reforma	Duncan Macomish
2	1903–04	Mexico Cricket Club		Reforma	Claude M. Butlin
3	1904–05	Pachuca		British Club	Charles Grenfell
4	1905–06	Reforma AC		Mexico Country Club	Thomas R. Phillips
5	1906–07	Reforma		British Club	Thomas R. Phillips
6	1907–08	British Club		México FC	Percy Clifford
7	1908–09	Reforma		Pachuca	Thomas R. Phillips
8	1909–10	Reforma		Popo	Thomas R. Phillips
9	1910–11	Reforma		Pachuca	Thomas R. Phillips
10	1911–12	Reforma	3–0	Pachuca	Thomas R. Phillips
11	1912–13	México	Round-robin	Pachuca	Antonio Sierra
12	1913–14	España		Rovers	Francisco G. Ubierta
13	1914–15	España		Pachuca	Francisco G. Ubierta
14	1915–16	España		Pachuca	Francisco Arias
15	1916–17	España		Pachuca	Francisco G. Ubierta
16	1917–18	Pachuca		Deportivo Español	William Penguely
17	1918–19	España		Centro Unión	Francisco Arias
18	1919–20	Pachuca		Germania	Alfred C. Crowle
—	1920–211	Asturias		Deportivo Internacional	Gerald Brown
—	1921–221	Germania		Asturias	Richard Obert

Notes

1. Annulled seasons due to the separation of the league into Liga Mexicana and Liga Nacional.

Performances

Rank	Club	Titles	Runners-up	Winning years
1	Reforma	6	2	1905–06, 1906–07, 1908–09, 1909–10, 1910–11, 1911–12
2	España	5	0	1913–14, 1914–15, 1915–16, 1916–17, 1918–19
3	Pachuca	3	7	1904–05, 1917–18, 1919–20
4	British Club	1	2	1907–08
	Mexico Cricket Club/Mexico Country Club	1	1	1903–04
	Orizaba	1	0	1902–03
	México	1	0	1912–13
8	México FC	0	1	—
	Popo	0	1	—
	Rovers	0	1	—
	Deportivo Español	0	1	—
	América/Centro Unión	0	1	—
	Germania	0	1	—

Liga Nacional was an amateur association football league in México created by Real Club España in 1920, as a separatist league played in parallel, after its withdrawal from the Liga Mexicana.

Prior to the merger of the two leagues in 1922, only two season were held (1920–21 and 1921–22), both won by Real España.

The first season had five participating clubs: América, L'Amicale Française, Luz y Fuerza, Real España and Reforma. The second season only two clubs participated (Real España and América), and they only played a playoff match to define the title.

Results

Ed.	Year	Champions	Result	Runners-up
1	1920–21	Real España	Round-robin	América
2	1921–22	Real España	2–0	América

Performances

Rank	Club	Titles	Runners-up	Winning years
1	Real España	2	0	1920–21, 1921–22
2	América	0	2	—

Club	Years participating
América	1922–1943
Asturias	1922–1943
Atlante	1927–1943
Aurrerá	1923–1929
Euzkadi1	1938–39
Leonés	1931–1933
México	1922–1930, 1932–1934
Germania	1922–1933
Luz y Fuerza2	1922–23
Guerra y Marina/Son-Sin3	1922–1924
Marte	1928–1932, 1937–1943
Moctezuma	1940–1943
Necaxa	1923–1943
Real España	1922–1930, 1932–1943
Reforma	1923–24
Selección Jalisco	1940–1943
Tranvías2	1922–23
Veracruz Sporting	1931–1933

Notes

1. Euzkadi was formed due to the FIFA's ban on the Basque Country national football team from playing with affiliated teams after the Spanish Civil War.
2. Luz y Fuerza and Tranvías were merged in 1923 and created Necaxa.
3. Founded by the Marines in Mexico under the name Guerra y Marina and the following season changed its name to Son-Sin.

• 1922–23: Organized by the Federación Mexicana de Football Asociación.
• 1923–1927: Organized by the Federación Central de Fútbol.
• 1927–1943: Organized by the current Federación Mexicana de Fútbol (FMF).

Ed.	Year	Champions	Result	Runners-up	Manager
Campeonato de Primera Fuerza
1	1922–23	Asturias	Round-robin	Germania	Gerald Brown
2	1923–24	Real España	2–1	América	Francisco Arias
3	1924–25	América	Round-robin	Necaxa	Rafael Garza Gutiérrez
4	1925–26	América	1–0	Asturias	Rafael Garza Gutiérrez
5	1926–27	América	Round-robin	Real España	Percy Clifford
6	1927–28	América		Asturias	Percy Clifford
7	1928–29	Marte		Real España	Servando Vargas
8	1929–30	Real España		América	Emérico Pozsonyi
—	1930–31	The season was canceled
Liga Mayor
9	1931–32	Atlante	1–0	Necaxa	Miguel Tovar Mariscal
10	1932–33	Necaxa	Round-robin	Atlante	Ernesto Pauler
11	1933–34	Real España	2–1	Asturias	Jesza Poszony
12	1934–35	Necaxa	Round-robin	América	Ernesto Pauler
13	1935–36	Real España		América	Jesza Poszony
14	1936–37	Necaxa		Atlante	Ernesto Pauler
15	1937–38	Necaxa		Asturias	Ernesto Pauler
16	1938–39	Asturias		Euzkadi	José Ramón Ballina
17	1939–40	Real España		Necaxa	Ramón Torralba
18	1940–41	Atlante		Selección Jalisco	Luis Grocz
19	1941–42	Real España	5–4	Atlante	Nemesio Tamayo
20	1942–43	Marte	Round-robin	Atlante	José Gómez

Rank	Club	Titles	Runners-up	Winning years
1	Real España	6	2	1923–24, 1929–30, 1933–34, 1935–36, 1939–40, 1941–42
2	América	4	4	1924–25, 1925–26, 1926–27, 1927–28
	Necaxa	4	3	1932–33, 1934–35, 1936–37, 1937–38
4	Asturias	2	4	1922–23, 1938–39
	Atlante	2	4	1931–32, 1940–41
	Marte	2	0	1928–29, 1942–43
7	Germania	0	1	—
	Euzkadi	0	1	—
	Selección Jalisco	0	1	—

Copa Tower was an amateur association football competition in Mexico and one of the domestic cup tournaments of the amateur era of Mexican football, named in honor of fact that the trophy was donated by Reginald Tower, the British ambassador to Mexico. It was held from 1907 to 1922, only included clubs from Mexico City and surrounding areas.

The inaugural edition of the competition was the 1907–08 Copa Tower, with Pachuca finishing as the first champions in history. The final edition was the 1921–22 Copa Tower, with Asturias finishing as the last champions.

The most successful club was España with 4 titles, followed by México with 3 titles, Pachuca and Reforma with 2 titles each. In all, eight clubs won the competition at least once.

Results

Ed.	Year	Champions	Result	Runners-up
1	1907–08	Pachuca	1–0	British Club
2	1908–09	Reforma	2–1	Pachuca
3	1909–10	Reforma	—	Pachuca
4	1910–11	British-Popo	3–0	Reforma AC
5	1911–12	Pachuca	w/o	Reforma
6	1912–13	México	3–1	Rovers
7	1913–14	México	2–1 (a.e.t.)	L'Amicale Française
8	1914–15	España	1–0	Rovers
9	1915–16	Rovers	—	Pachuca
10	1916–17	España	5–1	México
11	1917–18	España	1–0	Tigres México
12	1918–19	España	4–0	México
13	1919–20	América	1–0	Asturias
14	1920–21	México	1–0	Deportivo Internacional
15	1921–22	Asturias	2–0	Germania

Performances

Rank	Club	Titles	Runners-up	Winning years
1	España	4	0	1914–15, 1916–17, 1917–18, 1918–19
2	México	3	2	1912–13, 1913–14, 1920–21
3	Pachuca	2	3	1907–08, 1911–12
	Reforma	2	2	1908–09, 1909–10
5	Rovers	1	2	1915–16
	British Club/British-Popo	1	1	1910–11
	Asturias	1	1	1921–22
	América	1	0	1919–20
9	L'Amicale Française	0	1	—
	Tigres México	0	1	—
	Deportivo Internacional	0	1	—
	Germania	0	1	—

Copa Eliminatoria was an amateur association football competition in Mexico and one of the domestic cup tournaments of the amateur era of Mexican football, it was held from 1920 to 1928 (except the 1926–27 edition).

The inaugural edition of the competition was the 1920–21 Copa Eliminatoria and the final edition was the 1927–28 Copa Eliminatoria, both won by Real España.

The most successful club was Real España with 3 titles, followed by Asturias and Necaxa with 2 titles each. In all, those three clubs won the competition at least once.

Results

Ed.	Year	Champions	Result	Runners-up
1	1920–21	Real España	2–1	Luz y Fuerza
2	1921–22	Real España	3–1	Luz y Fuerza
3	1922–23	Asturias	2–1 (a.e.t.)	Germania
4	1923–24	Asturias	3–0	Real España
5	1924–25	Necaxa	1–0 (a.e.t.)	América
6	1925–26	Necaxa	3–2 (a.e.t.)	Asturias
—	1926–27	The competition was not held
7	1927–28	Real España	3–1	Asturias

Performances

Rank	Club	Titles	Runners-up	Winning years
1	Real España	3	1	1920–21, 1921–22, 1927–28
2	Asturias	2	2	1922–23, 1923–24
	Necaxa	2	0	1924–25, 1925–26
4	Luz y Fuerza	0	2	—
	Germania	0	1	—
	América	0	1	—

Season	Name	Club	Goals	Matches	G/M
1902-03	John Hogg	Orizaba	5	4	1.25
1903-04	Julio Lacaud	Reforma AC	4	8	0.5
1904-05	Percy Clifford	British Club	5	8	0.625
1905-06	Charles M. Butlin	Reforma AC	6	8	0.75
1906-07	Percy Clifford	British Club	5	8	0.625
1907-08	John Hogg	British Club	4	6	0.67
1908-09	Jorge Gómez De Parada William Bray	Reforma AC Pachuca AC	3 3	4 4	0.75 0.75
1909-10	Robert J. Blackmore	Reforma AC	4	6	0.67
1910-11	Charles M. Butlin Alfred C. Crowle	Reforma AC Pachuca AC	2 2	4 4	0.5 0.5
1911-12	John Hogg	British Club	3	4	0.75
1912-13	Jorge Gómez De Parada	México FC	5	10	0.5
1913-14	Bernardo Rodríguez	Club España	6	8	0.75
1914-15	Alfred C. Crowle	Pachuca AC	6	10	0.6
1915-16	Lázaro Ibarreche	Club España	7	10	0.7
1916-17	Lázaro Ibarreche	Club España	6	10	0.6
1917-18	Lázaro Ibarreche Frederick Williams Horacio Ortiz	Club España Pachuca AC Pachuca AC	5 5 5	10 10 10	0.5 0.5 0.5
1918-19	Lázaro Ibarreche	Club España	11	12	0.92
1919-20	Lázaro Ibarreche	Club España	13	16	0.81
1920-21
1921-22
1922-23
1923-24
1924-25	Ernesto Sota	América	10	-	-
1925-26	Kurt Friederich	Germania FV	11	-	-
1926-27	Pedro Arruza Miguel Ruiz	Club España Necaxa	13 13	- -	- -
1927-28	Ernesto Sota	América	16	-	-
1928-29	Nicho Mejia	Atlante	12	-	-
1929-30	Jorge Sota	América	12	-	-
1930-31	No Tournament Held			-	-
1931-32	Juan Carreño Julio Lores	Atlante Necaxa	20 20	- -	- -
1932-33	Julio Lores	Necaxa	8	-	-
1933-34	José Pacheco	Asturias	12	-	-
1934-35	Hilario "Moco" López	Necaxa	17	-	-
1935-36	Hilario "Moco" López	Necaxa	14	-	-
1936-37	Hilario "Moco" López	Necaxa	11	-	-
1937-38	Efraín Ruiz	Asturias	13	-	-
1938-39	Miguel Gual	Club España	20	-	-
1939-40	Alberco "Caballo" Mendoza	Atlante	15	-	-
1940-41	Marti Ventolra	Atlante	17	14	1.21
1941-42	Rafael "Tico" Meza	Moctezuma	20	14	1.43
1942-43	Manuel Alonso	Marte	17	14	1.21

• Football in Mexico
• Liga Amateur de Veracruz
• Liga Occidental De Jalisco

• [3]