| History of Pakistan |
|---|
 Arms of Pakistan |
| Timeline |
Since its establishment in 1947, Pakistan has been involved in numerous armed conflicts both locally and around the world. The main focus of its military operations have both historically and currently been on neighbouring India—against whom Pakistan has fought four major wars in addition to commonly-recurring border skirmishes and standoffs. The two nations have had a hostile and turbulent relationship since their independence from the United Kingdom and subsequent war over the Himalayan region of Jammu and Kashmir. Both India and Pakistan claim Kashmir in its entirety but have not exercised control over the entire region, which remains divided and contested between the two states by the Line of Control. The Kashmir conflict has seen extensive—albeit unsuccessful—intervention and mediation by the United Nations.
Pakistan has also had a turbulent relationship with neighbouring Afghanistan,[1] characterized by armed border skirmishes and periods of diplomatic tension. The Pakistani government has increased military activity along the Afghanistan–Pakistan border and built a border barrier to crack down on illegal immigration, militancy,[2] and smuggling.[3][4]
Outside of its home region of South Asia, Pakistan has also engaged in international conflicts in the Middle East and Africa as part of larger coalitions, and remains one of the largest contributors of troops to various United Nations peacekeeping missions. The country was designated as a major non-NATO ally by the United States in 2004,[5] and has participated extensively in the American-led war on terror following the 9/11 attacks.
List
[edit]
.svg){kind=small}
.svg){kind=small}
See also
[edit]- Outline of Pakistan military history
- Pakistan Armed Forces deployments
- Other military conflicts involving Pakistan:
- Kashmir conflict
- 2001–2002 India–Pakistan standoff
- 2008 Indo-Pakistani standoff
- India–Pakistan border skirmishes (disambiguation)
- Afghanistan–Pakistan skirmishes
- 2017 Afghanistan–Pakistan border skirmish
- 2008–12 Pakistan–United States skirmishes
- Afghanistan–Pakistan clashes (2024–present)
- 2025 Afghanistan–Pakistan conflict
Notes
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Allott, Daniel (2021-03-27). "Ending Pakistan's proxy war in Afghanistan". The Hill. Retrieved 2021-03-29.
- ^ "Three killed, 13 injured in blast at Pakistani-Afghan border". Reuters. Retrieved 2021-03-29.
- ^ Basit, Abdul. "Pakistan-Afghanistan border fence, a step in the right direction". www.aljazeera.com. Retrieved 2021-03-29.
- ^ Farmer, Ben; Mehsud, Ihsanullah Tipu (2020-03-15). "Pakistan Builds Border Fence, Limiting Militants and Families Alike". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2021-03-29.
- ^ "Pakistan status of major non-NATO ally may be terminated". www.thenews.com.pk. Retrieved 2021-03-29.
- ^ Nawaz, Shuja (May 2008), "The First Kashmir War Revisited", India Review, 7 (2): 115–154, doi:10.1080/14736480802055455, S2CID 155030407
- ^ "Pakistan Covert Operations" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 September 2014.
- ^ "BBC on the 1947–48 war". Archived from the original on 30 January 2015.
- ^ Qaiser Butt (22 April 2013). "Princely Liaisons: The Khan family controls politics in Kalat". The Express Tribune.
- ^ a b Qaiser Butt (22 April 2013). "Princely Liaisons: The Khan family controls politics in Kalat". The Express Tribune. Archived from the original on 12 August 2023. Prince Agha Abdul Karim Baloch, father of Irfan Karim and younger brother of Khan-e-Kalat Mir Ahmed Yar Khan, had revolted against his brother's decision of accession of Kalat State to Pakistan at the request of Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah in 1948. Abdul Karim took refuge in Afghanistan to wage an armed resistance against Pakistan. However, he ultimately surrendered to Pakistan in 1950.
- ^ Leake 2017, p. 137.
- ^ Martel 2012, p. 712.
- ^ Harrison, Selig S. (1981). In Afghanistan's shadow: Baluch nationalism and Soviet temptations. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. pp. 27–28. ISBN 978-0-87003-029-1.
- ^ Harrison, Selig S. (1981). In Afghanistan's shadow: Baluch nationalism and Soviet temptations. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. pp. 27–28. ISBN 978-0-87003-029-1.
- ^ "Asia Report No. 119". Pakistan: The Worsening Conflict in Balochistan. International Crisis Group. 14 September 2006. p. 4.
- ^ "Popular Front for Armed Resistance". South Asia Terrorism Portal Index (SATP). Retrieved 5 May 2019.
- ^ a b c "Baluch Liberation Front – Mapping Militant Organisation". web.stanford.edu. Retrieved 1 December 2018.
- ^ Pakistan: The Worsening Conflict in Balochistan (PDF). International Crisis Group, Asia Report No. 119. p. 4. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-05-20. Retrieved 2015-09-19.
- ^ Abbas, Hassan (2005). Pakistan's Drift Into Extremism: Allah, the Army, and America's War on Terror. M.E. Sharpe. p. 79. ISBN 0-7656-1496-0.
- ^ Jalal, Ayesha (2007). The State of Martial Rule: The Origins of Pakistan's Political Economy of Defence. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521051842.
- ^ Paliwal, Avinash (2017). My Enemy's Enemy: India in Afghanistan from the Soviet Invasion to the US Withdrawal. Oxford University Press. pp. 38, 240 and 241. ISBN 9780190685829.
- ^ Newsline: A History of the Baloch Separatist Movement
- ^ "Pakistani opposition presses for Sharif's resignation". Wsws.org. 1999-08-07. Retrieved 2012-06-15.
- ^ "The War in Pakistan". The Washington Post. 25 January 2006. Archived from the original on 1 April 2012. Retrieved 19 October 2008.
- ^ Abbas, Zaffar (2004-09-10). "Pakistan's undeclared war". BBC. Archived from the original on 2008-09-15. Retrieved 2022-05-08.
- ^ a b "Pakistan: $1 billion from U.S. to fight terror". Aki/Dawn. 14 November 2006. Retrieved 24 November 2006. [dead link]
- ^ a b Bergen, Peter; Tiedemann, Katherine (3 June 2009). "The Drone War". New America Foundation. Archived from the original on 6 December 2011. Retrieved 16 December 2011.
- ^ a b "Obama unveils new US policy for Pakistan, Afghanistan". Archived from the original on 1 April 2009. Retrieved 2 July 2009. Unfolding a new US strategy to defeat Taliban and Al-Qaeda, Obama said Pakistan must be 'stronger partner' in destroying Al-Qaeda safe havens. In this connection, he said Pakistan would be provided financial assistance of 1.5 billion dollars each year for the next five years.
- ^ Rashid, Ahmed (2012). Pakistan in the Brink. Allen Lane. p. 54. ISBN 9781846145858.
- ^ A Quiet Deal With Pakistan Archived 7 November 2017 at the Wayback Machine, The Washington Post, 4 October 2008
- ^ a b c Mehsud, Katharine Houreld (12 March 2015). "Pakistani splinter group rejoins Taliban amid fears of isolation | Reuters". Reuters. Archived from the original on 19 August 2017. Retrieved 3 July 2017.
- ^ a b "Pakistan says has eliminated Uighur militants from territory". Reuters. 18 October 2015.
- ^ a b "Pakistan Taliban splinter group vows allegiance to Islamic State". Reuters. 18 November 2014. Archived from the original on 19 November 2014. Retrieved 19 November 2014.
- ^ a b c d e Says, Battu (31 March 2015). "Uzbek militants in Afghanistan pledge allegiance to ISIS in beheading video". The Khaama Press News Agency. Archived from the original on 13 July 2015. Retrieved 6 July 2015.
- ^ a b Javaid, U. and Javaid, R. (2016). Zarb-e-Azb: A Successful Initiative to Curtail Terrorism. South Asian Studies, 31(1), 281–296. – Argues that Operation Zarb-e-Azb was highly successful in dismantling terrorist networks in North Waziristan.
- ^ Khan, S.R. and Khan, A. (2020). From War to Peace: The Challenges and Opportunities in Pakistan's Counter-Terrorism Environment Post Operation Zarb-e-Azb. Journal of Policing, Intelligence and Counter Terrorism, 15(2), 121–139. – Notes that Operation Zarb-e-Azb secured control over previous militant strongholds and denied them space.
- ^ Gulf News (2016, June 16). Two years after 'Zarb-e-Azb': Pakistan stronger against terror. https://gulfnews.com/world/asia/pakistan/two-years-after-zarb-e-azb-pakistan-stronger-against-terror-1.1850692 – Contemporary news analysis of the success of Operation Zarb-e-Azb after two years.
- ^ Roul, A. (2016). How Operation Zarb-e-Azb Changed Pakistan's Tribal Areas. Jamestown Foundation Terrorism Monitor, 14(12), 5–7. – Discusses gains made by Pakistan army in previously uncontrolled tribal areas during the operation.
- ^ Weinbaum, Marvin G. (2017). "Insurgency and Violent Extremism in Pakistan". Small Wars & Insurgencies. 28 (1): 45. doi:10.1080/09592318.2016.1266130. S2CID 151596312.
- ^ "Drone War: Pakistan". The Bureau of Investigative Journalism. Retrieved 2018-04-20.
- ^ "Pakistan Leaders Killed" Archived 18 September 2017 at the Wayback Machine. New America Foundation. 23 June 2018
- ^ "US Drone Kills Afghan-Based Pakistani Taliban Commander". Voice of America (VOA). 4 July 2018.
- ^ "CIA drone strikes in Pakistan, 2004 to present". Bureau of Investigative Journalism. 24 January 2018. Archived from the original on 5 March 2017. Retrieved 15 March 2019.
- ^ "Balochistan Insurgency". www.globalsecurity.org. Retrieved 21 May 2021.
- ^ "FC placed under Balochistan govt's control". Dawn News. 2 November 2011. "Since January 2008, military has conducted no operation in Balochistan," said Gen Abbas, dispelling a perception that the army was still in the field there.
- ^ "No military operation in Balochistan". Nation. 20 January 2012. Retrieved 19 April 2019.
- ^ "No army operation in Balochistan: Kayani". Dawn News. 7 September 2013. 'Not a single soldier of Pakistan Army is involved in any operation in Balochistan,' Gen Kayani said.
- ^ "FC accelerates intelligence-based operations in Balochistan". Dawn News. 27 August 2017.
- ^ "Mapping Militant Organisation: Baloch Liberation Front". web.stanford.edu. Retrieved 10 April 2020.
- ^ "Iran Sunni Baloch Insurgents: "Union with Hizbul-Furqan Strengthens Our Front Against Safavids"". 21 December 2013.
- ^ Ayaz, Ahmed. "Islamic State Comes to Balochistan". THE DIPLOMAT. Retrieved 10 July 2017.
- ^ a b Gul, Ayaz (15 May 2019). "Islamic State Announces 'Pakistan Province'". Voice of America. Retrieved 20 June 2024.
- ^ "دولت اسلامیہ: نام نہاد 'پاکستان صوبے' کے نام سے پہلی ویڈیو جاری". BBC News اردو (in Urdu). 23 March 2021. Retrieved 17 June 2024.
- ^ a b B Raman (25 January 2003). "Iraq's shadow on Balochistan". Asia Times. Archived from the original on 15 April 2003.
- ^ "Over 300 anti-state militants surrender arms in Balochistan". Dawn News. 9 December 2017. The largest province of the country by area, Balochistan is home to a low-level insurgency by ethnic Baloch separatists.
- ^ Desk, Quetta Voice Web (20 December 2023). "BNA Commander Sarfaraz Bangulzai Along With 72 Militants Surrender". Quetta Voice Breaking News, English News, Technology, Health. Retrieved 20 December 2023.
- ^ Zia Ur Rehman (May 2014), "The Baluch insurgency: linking Iran to Pakistan" (PDF), The Norwegian Peacebuilding Resource Centre, archived from the original (PDF) on 6 May 2016
- ^ "Operation Raddul Fasaad: Huge cache of weapons recovered from Balochistan". The News International. Retrieved 31 March 2019.
- ^ "Zehri meets Khan of Kalat in London". Dawn News. 15 August 2015.
- ^ "IB advise talks with Baloch separatists". Dawn News. 29 February 2012.
- ^ "datasheet-terrorist-attack-suicide-attacks". www.satp.org. Retrieved 2023-12-16.
- ^ "ttp calls off ceasefire – Google Search". www.google.com. Retrieved 2023-12-16.
- ^ "Pakistan to launch fresh operation against militants amid political and economic chaos". Arab News PK. 2023-04-07. Retrieved 2023-12-16.
- ^ "The Taliban Pick Fight Over Border With Pakistan". Foreign policy. 6 January 2022.
- ^ Putz, Catherine. "The Taliban's Many Problematic Borders". The Diplomat.
- ^ Lieven, Anatol (2017). "Counter-Insurgency in Pakistan: The Role of Legitimacy". Small Wars & Insurgencies. 28: 166–190. doi:10.1080/09592318.2016.1266128. S2CID 151355749.
- ^ "Uneasy India-Pakistan ceasefire holds but is a return to war inevitable". The Guardian.
- ^ "India-Pakistan ceasefire appears to hold after accusations of violations". BBC.
- ^ "Operation Sindoor Live Updates: Ceasefire from 5pm today; top India, Pakistan military officials to talk again on May 12". Times of India. Retrieved 2025-05-10.
- ^ "Pakistan bombs targets in Afghan cities, minister calls it 'open war'". Reuters. 27 February 2026.
Sources
[edit]- Rashid, Ahmed (2010). Taliban The Power of Militant Islam in Afghanistan and Beyond (Ebook). Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300268997.
- Iqbal, Mehrunisa (1972). "THE INSURGENCY IN CEYLON AND ITS REPERCUSSIONS". Pakistan Horizon. 25 (2): 51–66. ISSN 0030-980X – via JSTOR.
- Fathers, Micheal (12 October 2000). "Obituary: Sirimavo Bandaranaike, the world's first woman prime minister". Time Asia. Hong Kong. ISSN 0040-781X. Archived from the original on 17 July 2012. Retrieved 3 November 2018.
- Imran, Muhammad; Senaratne, Bhagya, eds. (2017). PAKISTAN - SRI LANKA RELATIONS: A STORY OF FRIENDSHIP. AR Printers, Islamabad(Pakistan): Institute for Strategic Studies, Research and Analysis (ISSRA), National Defence University, Sector E-9, Islamabad, Pakistan. ISBN 978-969-7671-02-1.
| |||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||
Lists of wars involving Asian countries | |
|---|---|
| Sovereign states |
|
| States with limited recognition | |
| Dependencies and other territories | |