Kubitzki system

The Kubitzki system is a system of plant taxonomy devised by Klaus Kubitzki, and is the product of an ongoing survey of vascular plants, entitled The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants, and extending to 15 volumes in 2018.[1] The survey, in the form of an encyclopedia, is important as a comprehensive, multivolume treatment of the vascular plants, with keys to and descriptions of all families and genera, mostly by specialists in those groups. The Kubitzki system served as the basis for classification in Mabberley's Plant-Book, a dictionary of the vascular plants.[2] Mabberley states, in his Introduction on page xi of the 2008 edition, that the Kubitzki system "has remained the standard to which other literature is compared".

In ordinal and family arrangements, the classification system in the initial angiosperm volumes closely resembles the Dahlgren system in Monocots and the Cronquist system in Dicots, but later volumes have been influenced by recent molecular phylogenetic studies.

The first volume of the series (Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms) covered lycophytes, monilophytes, and gymnosperms, and was published in 1990. By 2010, there were nine published volumes, covering 39 of the 59 orders of flowering plants that are recognized in the APG III system. The order Saxifragales is covered except for the genus Medusandra, which was transferred to it from Malpighiales in 2009.[3] Volume 10 (2011) covers the family Myrtaceae and the orders Cucurbitales and Sapindales. Volume 11 was published in 2014, and two further volumes in 2015. Volumes 2, and 5–7 address dicotyledons, while volumes 3, 4 and 13 address monocotyledons. Volumes 8–12 and 14 deal with eudicots.

Because it is the result of a work in progress, the Kubitzki system is incomplete for those groups of plants that have not yet been covered, and groups that have been completely covered are not revised in light of subsequent knowledge. Since the first volume was published in 1990, a great deal has been learned about plant taxonomy, mostly by phylogenetic analysis of DNA sequences. The classification of ferns has been completely overhauled in that time.[4][5] And some of the gymnosperm families have been revised.[6][7]

For the flowering plants, the later volumes of the Kubitzki System follows the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group last revised in 2009 (APG III system), except for the recognition of smaller families. (For a complete listing of all volumes, see Klaus Kubitzki)

Divisions

• Pteridophyta
• Pinophyta
  • subdivision Coniferophytina
  • subdivision Cycadophytina
• Magnoliophyta
  • class Monocotyledoneae
  • class Dicotyledoneae

• 1 division Pteridophyta 1 class Psilotatae Psilotaceae 2 class Lycopodiatae Isoetaceae Lycopodiaceae Selaginellaceae 3 class Equisetatae Equisetaceae 4 class Filicatae Aspleniaceae Azollaceae Blechnaceae Cheiropleuriaceae Cyatheaceae Davalliaceae Dennstaedtiaceae Dicksoniaceae Dipteridaceae Dryopteridaceae Gleicheniaceae Grammitidaceae Hymenophyllaceae Hymenophyllopsidaceae Lomariopsidaceae Lophosoriaceae Loxsomataceae Marattiaceae Marsileaceae Matoniaceae Metaxyaceae Monachosoraceae Nephrolepidaceae Oleandraceae Ophioglossaceae Osmundaceae Plagiogyriaceae Polypodiaceae Pteridaceae Salviniaceae Schizaeaceae Thelypteridaceae Vittariaceae

• 2 division Pinophyta or Gymnospermae
  • 1 subdivision Coniferophytina
  1 class Ginkgoatae Ginkgoaceae 2 class Pinatae 1 order Pinales Araucariaceae Pinaceae Sciadopityaceae Taxodiaceae Cupressaceae Phyllocladaceae Podocarpaceae 2 order Taxales Cephalotaxaceae Taxaceae
  • 2 subdivision Cycadophytina
  1 class Cycadatae order Cycadales Boweniaceae Cycadaceae Stangeriaceae Zamiaceae 2 class Gnetatae order Gnetales Ephedraceae Welwitschiaceae Gnetaceae

• 3 division Magnoliophyta or Angiospermae subdivision Magnoliophytina

• 1 class Monocotyledoneae or Liliopsida [complete] (with Rolf Dahlgren's collaboration)

4 Superorders

1. Acoranae
2. Alismatanae
3. Lilianae
4. Commelinanae

• 1 superorder Acoranae Acoraceae Not included in any order Nartheciaceae

• 2 superorder Alismatanae 1 order Arales Araceae Lemnaceae 2 order Alismatales Butomaceae Alismataceae Limnocharitaceae Hydrocharitaceae Najadaceae Aponogetonaceae Scheuchzeriaceae Juncaginaceae Potamogetonaceae Ruppiaceae Posidoniaceae Zosteraceae Zannichelliaceae Cymodoceaceae

• 3 superorder Lilianae 1 order Liliales Campynemataceae Luzuriagaceae Alstroemeriaceae Colchicaceae Melanthiaceae Trilliaceae Liliaceae Calochortaceae Petermanniaceae Smilacaceae Philesiaceae 2 order Asparagales Orchidaceae Iridaceae Doryanthaceae Lanariaceae Ixioliriaceae Hypoxidaceae Johnsoniaceae Hemerocallidaceae Tecophilaeaceae Blandfordiaceae Asteliaceae Boryaceae Asphodelaceae Xanthorrhoeaceae Aphyllanthaceae Anemarrhenaceae Amaryllidaceae Agapanthaceae Alliaceae Themidaceae Asparagaceae Hyacinthaceae Lomandraceae Herreriaceae Hostaceae Anthericaceae Agavaceae Eriospermaceae Ruscaceae Behniaceae Dracaenaceae Convallariaceae Nolinaceae 3 order Triuridales Triuridaceae 4 order Dioscoreales Dioscoreaceae Trichopodaceae Taccaceae Burmanniaceae Corsiaceae 5 order Pandanales Pandanaceae Cyclanthaceae Velloziaceae Acanthochlamydaceae Stemonaceae Pentastemonaceae

• 4 superorder Commelinanae 1 order Principes Palmae 2 order Dasypogonales Dasypogonaceae 3 order Bromeliales Bromeliaceae ?Rapateaceae (see also Xyridales) 4 order Commelinales Commelinaceae Pontederiaceae Philydraceae Haemodoraceae 5 order Xyridales Mayacaceae Xyridaceae Eriocaulaceae ?Rapateaceae 6 order Zingiberales Musaceae Strelitziaceae Lowiaceae Heliconiaceae Costaceae Zingiberaceae Cannaceae Marantaceae ?Hanguanaceae (possibly related to Zingiberales or Commelinales) 7 order Typhales Typhaceae 8 order Juncales Juncaceae Thurniaceae Cyperaceae 9 order Poales Flagellariaceae Restionaceae Ecdeiocoleaceae Anarthriaceae Centrolepidaceae Joinvilleaceae Poaceae incertae sedis in monocots Hydatellaceae

• 2 class Dicotyledoneae or Magnoliopsida [incomplete] 1 subclass Magnoliidae 1 superorder Magnolianae (lower magnoliids) 1 order Magnoliales Himantandraceae Eupomatiaceae Austrobaileyaceae Degeneriaceae Magnoliaceae Annonaceae Myristicaceae ?Canellaceae ?Lactoridaceae Amborellaceae Trimeniaceae Chloranthaceae Monimiaceae Gomortegaceae Lauraceae Hernandiaceae Calycanthaceae 2 order Illiciales Winteraceae ?Canellaceae Illiciaceae Schisandraceae 3 order Aristolochiales Aristolochiaceae Hydnoraceae ?Rafflesiaceae 4 order Piperales Saururaceae Piperaceae 2 superorder Ranunculanae (higher magnoliids) 1 order Nelumbonales Nelumbonaceae 2 order Ranunculales Lardizabalaceae Berberidaceae Menispermaceae Ranunculaceae ?Circaeasteraceae Pteridophyllaceae Papaveraceae Fumariaceae 3 superorder Nymphaeanae order Nymphaeales Cabombaceae Nymphaeaceae ?Ceratophyllaceae 4 superorder Caryophyllanae order Caryophyllales (including.:Centrospermae Eichler) Family with an asterisk: *, included in Expanded Caryophyllales in Volume V. Family with the sign +, only recognized in Volume V, but not in Volume II. Nepenthaceae * Droseraceae * Drosophyllaceae * Simmondsiaceae * Rhabdodendraceae * Asteropeiaceae * Physenaceae * Ancistrocladaceae * Dioncophyllaceae * Frankeniaceae * Tamaricaceae * clade Centrospermae Caryophyllaceae Molluginaceae Aizoaceae Amaranthaceae Chenopodiaceae Halophytaceae Stegnospermaceae Achatocarpaceae Phytolaccaceae Nyctaginaceae Cactaceae Portulacaceae Didiereaceae Basellaceae Hectorellaceae Barbeuiaceae + Sarcobataceae + Petiveriaceae + Agdestidaceae + 5 superorder Hamamelidanae 1 order Trochodendrales Trochodendraceae Eupteleaceae Cercidiphyllaceae ?Myrothamnaceae 2 order Hamamelidales Platanaceae Hamamelidaceae 3 order Fagales Fagaceae Betulaceae Ticodendraceae 4 order Juglandales Rhoipteleaceae Juglandaceae Myricaceae 5 order ?Casuarinales Casuarinaceae 6 superorder Polygonanae order Polygonales Polygonaceae 7 superorder Plumbaginanae order Plumbaginales Plumbaginaceae 8 superorder Malvanae order Malvales Neuradaceae Tepuianthaceae Thymelaeaceae Dipterocarpaceae Diegodendraceae Sphaerosepalaceae Cistaceae Sarcolaenaceae Bixaceae Cochlospermaceae Muntingiaceae Malvaceae

In volumes 5,6,7,8 no groups above the taxonomic rank of order were recognized.

• order Capparales Bataceae Salvadoraceae Tropaeolaceae Limnanthaceae Caricaceae Moringaceae Setchellanthaceae Akaniaceae Gyrostemonaceae Resedaceae Pentadiplandraceae Tovariaceae Koeberliniaceae Cruciferae or Brassicaceae Capparaceae Emblingiaceae Not placed in any order, but related to Capparales Tapisciaceae order Celastrales Parnassiaceae Lepidobotryaceae Celastraceae order Oxalidales Oxalidaceae Connaraceae Cephalotaceae Brunelliaceae Cunoniaceae Elaeocarpaceae order Rosales (# revised position, formerly in Urticales in Vol. 2) Rosaceae (including Guamatela) Dirachmaceae Rhamnaceae Barbeyaceae # Elaeagnaceae Ulmaceae # Moraceae # Cecropiaceae (including Cannabaceae) # Urticaceae # order Cornales Hydrostachyaceae Curtisiaceae Grubbiaceae Cornaceae Hydrangeaceae Loasaceae order Ericales Theophrastaceae Samolaceae Maesaceae Myrsinaceae Primulaceae Actinidiaceae Balsaminaceae Marcgraviaceae Pellicieraceae Tetrameristaceae Ericaceae Clethraceae Cyrillaceae Roridulaceae Sarraceniaceae Diapensiaceae Lissocarpaceae Polemoniaceae Fouquieriaceae Scytopetalaceae Lecythidaceae Napoleonaeaceae Styracaceae Ebenaceae Sladeniaceae Theaceae Ternstroemiaceae Sapotaceae Symplocaceae order Lamiales Bignoniaceae Buddlejaceae Byblidaceae Callitrichaceae Carlemanniaceae Cyclocheilaceae Gesneriaceae Globulariaceae Hippuridaceae Labiatae Lentibulariaceae Martyniaceae Myoporaceae Nesogenaceae Oleaceae Pedaliaceae Phrymaceae Plantaginaceae Plocospermataceae Scrophulariaceae Stilbaceae Tetrachondraceae Trapellaceae Verbenaceae order Asterales Alseuosmiaceae Argophyllaceae Compositae or Asteraceae subfamily Barnadesioideae subfamily Mutisioideae subfamily Carduoideae subfamily Cichorioideae subfamily Asteroideae Calyceraceae Campanulaceae Carpodetaceae Goodeniaceae Menyanthaceae Pentaphragmataceae Phellinaceae Rousseaceae Stylidiaceae

In volume 9 the supraordinal groups Rosidae and Asteridae were recognized.

• Not included in any order Sabiaceae order Proteales Proteaceae Platanaceae (revised position, formerly in Hamamelidales in Vol. 2) Nelumbonales (revised position, formerly in Nelumbonales in Vol. 2) order Buxales Buxaceae Didymelaceae order Gunnerales Gunneraceae Myrothamnaceae (revised position, formerly in Trochodendrales in Vol. 2) Not included in any order Dilleniaceae order Saxifragales Altingiaceae (newly recognized family, included in Hamamelidaceae in Vol. 2) Aphanopetalaceae Cercidiphyllaceae (revised position, formerly in Trochodendrales in Vol. 2) Crassulaceae Daphniphyllaceae Grossulariaceae Haloragaceae Hamamelidaceae (revised position, formerly in Hamamelidales in Vol. 2) Iteaceae Paeoniaceae Penthoraceae Peridiscaceae (except Medusandra) Pterostemonaceae Saxifragaceae Tetracarpaeaceae order Vitales Leeaceae Vitaceae order Zygophyllales Krameriaceae Zygophyllaceae Not included in any order Huaceae order Geraniales Geraniaceae Ledocarpaceae Melianthaceae order Crossosomatales (Guamatela placed in Rosaceae in volume 6) Aphloiaceae Crossosomataceae Geissolomataceae Ixerbaceae Stachyuraceae Staphyleaceae Strasburgeraceae Not included in any order Picramniaceae order Berberidopsidales Aextoxicaceae Berberidopsidaceae

In volume 10 are treated the Orders Sapindales and Cucurbitales; and the Myrtaceae Family (belonging to Myrtales).

• order Sapindales Biebersteiniaceae Nitrariaceae Tetradiclidaceae Sapindaceae Kirkiaceae Anacardiaceae Burseraceae Rutaceae Simaroubaceae Meliaceae order Cucurbitales Anisophylleaceae Coriariaceae Corynocarpaceae Cucurbitaceae Datiscaceae Begoniaceae order Myrtales Myrtaceae

• Klaus Kubitzki

• Fern Classification At: Publications and Data Sets At: Kathleen Pryer's Lab