International recognition of Somaliland

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International recognition of Somaliland
  Somaliland
  States that have recognised Somaliland (Israel)
  States whose recognition of Somaliland is unclear (Taiwan)

As of January 2026, the Republic of Somaliland is recognised as a sovereign state by one UN member state — Israel. The Republic of Somaliland was proclaimed on 18 May 1991 claiming to be the legal successor to the State of Somaliland which gained independence from the United Kingdom on 26 June 1960 and merged into the Somali Republic on 1 July 1960. Somalia continues to claim Somaliland as an integral part of its territory, considering it to be one of its federal member states.

In 2020, Taiwan and Somaliland began engaging in ambiguous, high-level relations. On 26 December 2025, Israel became the first country and UN member state to formally recognise Somaliland as an independent country.

History

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The region of modern day Somaliland was ruled by various groups including most recently the Isaaq Sultanate before coming under British rule in 1884. While under British rule, British Somaliland defined the borders that are today claimed by the Republic of Somaliland.[1]

In June 1960, British Somaliland gained its independence from the United Kingdom as the State of Somaliland.[2] The following month, in July 1960, the State of Somaliland merged with the Trust Territory of Somaliland to form Somalia.[2] In May 1991, Somaliland declared independence from Somalia.[3]

In September 2017, Somaliland and the micronation Liberland[a] signed a memorandum of understanding that "begun the process of mutual recognition".[5][6] In January 2024, Somaliland and Ethiopia signed a memorandum of understanding which include a provision that the latter would recognise the former as an independent state. However, Ethiopia later signed the Ankara Declaration in December 2024 that reaffirmed support for Somalia's territorial integrity.

On 26 December 2025, Israel became the first UN member state to recognise Somaliland.[7] At the request of Algeria, Sierra Leone, Somalia, and Guyana, the United Nations Security Council convened for an emergency session on 29 December following Israel's recognition of Somaliland.[8][9]

States that recognise Somaliland

[edit]
No. Country Date of recognition Ref. Diplomatic relations Relevant membership, further details
1  Israel 26 December 2025 [10] Yes Israel–Somaliland relations

States whose recognition of Somaliland is unclear

[edit]
Name Official position
Taiwan
Main article: Somaliland–Taiwan relations

It is unclear whether Taiwan and Somaliland recognise each other as independent states.[11] In 2020, Taiwan and Somaliland signed a bilateral cooperation agreement and established mutual representative offices,[b] though this did not amount to formal diplomatic relations.[13][14] When asked to clarify whether Taiwan recognises Somaliland as independent, foreign minister Joseph Wu responded "Somaliland has been independent since 1991."[13] Somaliland treats Taiwan as a sovereign entity separate from China.[15]

States that do not recognise Somaliland

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Member and observer states of the United Nations

[edit]
Name Official position
Afghanistan The Taliban, which de facto governs Afghanistan but does not hold the country's seat at the UN, stated that recognising Somaliland was against international law, and that it was wrong to support the division of a Muslim country as it undermined Somalia's sovereignty and would destabilise the region.[16]
Algeria Algeria rejected Israel's recognition of Somaliland, stating that it violates Somalia's sovereignty, unity, and territorial integrity and contravenes international law. The Algerian Ministry of Foreign Affairs emphasised that the move conflicts with the principles of the United Nations Charter and the African Union, particularly the inviolability of inherited national borders, and reaffirmed Algeria's continued support for the Federal Republic of Somalia and regional stability in the Horn of Africa.[17]
Azerbaijan On 29 December 2025, the Azerbaijani Ministry of Foreign Affairs released the following statement: “Recognition of the “Somaliland” region of the Federal Republic of Somalia contradicts norms and principles of international law and the UN Charter. Azerbaijan has gone through its own painful experience with foreign military occupation and separatism in its territories, in violation of international law. Guided by these principles and its own experience, the Republic of Azerbaijan remains firmly committed to the preservation of sovereignty, territorial integrity, and political independence of all states, and calls on the international community to act responsibly and in full compliance with international law”.[18]
China The People's Republic of China emphasised its support for Somali territorial integrity.[19]
Comoros The Comoros signed a joint official statement along with various Arab and Muslim countries which stated that they officially condemned the "serious repercussions to peace and security in the Horn of Africa and the Red Sea region, and its serious impacts on international peace and security" that came with recognising Somaliland.[20]
Cuba Foreign Minister Bruno Rodríguez Parrilla reaffirmed the country's opposition to Israel's recognition of Somaliland, siding with the African Union and other regional groups that opposed the action.[21]
Cyprus The Ministry of Foreign Affairs joined the European Union in demanding respect for Somalia's sovereignty and territorial integrity.[22]
Denmark
Main article: Denmark–Somaliland relations

The Danish UN ambassador who participated in the UN Security Council meeting that took place on 29 December 2025 stated that the recognition had set a "dangerous precedent" and warned against recognising Somaliland.[23]

Djibouti Djibouti has emphasised "full support for the unity, sovereignty and territorial integrity of Somalia."[24]
Egypt Egypt has emphasised "full support for the unity, sovereignty and territorial integrity of Somalia."[24]
Eritrea The Eritrean Ministry of Information stated in a press release that the "ploy" of recognition had been underway for some time before the first recognition by a UN member state, and that it was not surprising. Eritrea also called specifically on China to intervene more firmly against it, as, according to the Ministry, they had a moral obligation to intervene similarly with the Taiwanese situation.[25]
Ethiopia
Main article: Ethiopia–Somaliland relations

Ethiopia has historically supported Somaliland. In January 2024, Somaliland and Ethiopia signed a memorandum of understanding which include a provision that the latter would recognise the former as an independent state. However, Ethiopia later signed the Ankara Declaration in December 2024 that reaffirmed its support for Somalia's territorial integrity.

France On 29 December 2025, during the UN Security Council meeting on the Somalilander question, the French representative stated that foreign nations should not interfere in internal Somali politics and that such internal policies should be discussed amongst the interested Somali stakeholders. France also highlighted to avoid any move that could possibly "compromise peace and security" in the Horn of Africa and the Gulf of Aden.[23]
Gambia Gambia signed a joint official statement various Arab and Muslim countries which stated that they officially condemned the "serious repercussions to peace and security in the Horn of Africa and the Red Sea region, and its serious impacts on international peace and security" that came with recognising Somaliland.[20]
Greece Greece's UN ambassador, during the UN Security Council meeting on the Somalilander question that took place on 29 December 2025, stated that: “Support for secessionist entities within Somalia, which could destabilise the country and lead to a reversal of hard-won counter-terrorism gains, is unacceptable" and that such actions went against the goals of the United Nations Transitional Assistance Mission in Somalia.[23]
Guyana Guyana's UN ambassador, during the UN Security Council meeting on the Somalilander question that took place on 29 December 2025, stated that any attempt to recognise Somaliland was to be considered "null and void" as well as a threat to Somalia's national security.[23]
India During the 9 January 2026 Ministry of External Affairs press conference, spokesperson Randhir Jaiswal stated that India has strong relations with Somalia and underlined preservation of the "sovereignty and territorial integrity of the country".[26]
Indonesia People's Consultative Assembly deputy speaker Hidayat Nur Wahid condemned Israel's move to recognise Somaliland, calling it an "old attempt to divide and rule, in order to ease the Greater Israel agenda".[27]
Iran Iran condemned Israel's recognition of Somaliland as a "flagrant violation of Somalia's sovereignty."[28]
Iraq Iraq claimed in a joint official statement with other Arab countries that they condemned the "serious repercussions to peace and security in the Horn of Africa and the Red Sea region, and its serious impacts on international peace and security" that came with recognising Somaliland.[20]
Jordan Jordan issued a joint official statement, also signed by various Arab and Muslim countries, which stated that they officially condemned the "serious repercussions to peace and security in the Horn of Africa and the Red Sea region, and its serious impacts on international peace and security" that came with recognising Somaliland.[20][29]
Kuwait Kuwait has declared full support for Somalia's sovereignty over all its territory.[29]
Lebanon The Lebanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Emigrants stated full support for the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Somalia.[30]
Libya Libya claimed in a joint official statement with other Arab countries that they condemned the "serious repercussions to peace and security in the Horn of Africa and the Red Sea region, and its serious impacts on international peace and security" that came with recognising Somaliland.[20]
Malaysia Malaysia criticised Israel's recognition of Somaliland and opposed "any attempt to use the territory, or any other location, for the forcible transfer or displacement of Palestinians from Gaza". Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim denounced it as "wholly unacceptable," violating international law and humanitarian standards, and perpetuating injustice rather than promoting peace.[31]
Maldives The Maldives claimed in a joint official statement with Arab and Muslim that they condemned the "serious repercussions to peace and security in the Horn of Africa and the Red Sea region, and its serious impacts on international peace and security" that came with recognising Somaliland.[20]
Mauritania In a statement by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Mauritania declared its "alignment with Arab, Islamic, and African positions, rejecting any recognition or support for attempts to undermine Somalia’s territorial unity."[32]
Nigeria Nigeria claimed in a joint official statement with Arab and Muslim countries that they condemned the "serious repercussions to peace and security in the Horn of Africa and the Red Sea region, and its serious impacts on international peace and security" that came with recognising Somaliland.[20]
Oman Oman claimed in a joint official statement with other Arab countries that they condemned the "serious repercussions to peace and security in the Horn of Africa and the Red Sea region, and its serious impacts on international peace and security" that came with recognising Somaliland.[20]
Pakistan Pakistan stated that recognition of Somaliland was detrimental to the peace and stability within the Horn of Africa, confirming its support for Somalia's territorial integrity.[33]
Palestine The foreign ministry of the State of Palestine expressed full support for Somalia's unity and sovereignty.[29]
Qatar Qatar officially supports the sovereignty, unity, and territorial integrity of the Federal Republic of Somalia.[34] The Qatari Ministry of Foreign Affairs rejected any unilateral actions aimed at recognising or establishing parallel entities in Somalia, stating that such moves violate international law and undermine regional stability.[35] Qatar has reaffirmed its full support for Somalia's internationally recognised government and its legitimate institutions, and has called on the international community to respect international law and United Nations resolutions concerning Somalia.[36]
Russia According to Dinar Gilmutdinov, senior counsellor at the Russian mission to the UN, Moscow is extremely concerned by Israel's decision to recognise Somaliland since it violates Somalia's sovereignty, territorial integrity, and unity.[37]
Rwanda Rwanda officially stated that it "fully aligns with the statements issued by the African Union and the East African Community in support of Somalia."[38]
Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia has expressed "full support" for Somalia's sovereignty, unity, and territorial integrity.[29]
Serbia Serbia expressed full support to the territorial integrity and sovereignty of the Federal Republic of Somalia.[39]
Sierra Leone Sierra Leone's speaker at the UN Security Council on 29 December 2025 stated that respecting Somalia's territorial integrity was a "foundational obligations under the Charter and the bedrock of Africa’s stability and international peace and security".[23]
Slovenia Slovenia’s UN Ambassador, Samuel Zbogar, on 29 December 2025, during the UN Security Council meeting about the Somalilander question, responded to US representatives calling the different attitude between Palestinian and Somalilander independence a "double standard" by stating that whilst "Palestine is not part of any state", "Somaliland, [...] is a part of a UN member state, and recognising it goes against... the UN Charter."[40]
Somalia The Federal Republic of Somalia claims Somaliland as part of its sovereign territory.[41]
South Africa In 2011, the foreign minister of South Africa said that it would not recognise Somaliland and preferred that Somalia remain a single country.[42] However, South Africa has stated that Somaliland fulfils the Montevideo Convention criteria for statehood and accepts the Somaliland passport.[43] In 2025, South Africa opposed Israel's recognition of Somaliland as an independent state, claiming that it violated Somalia's sovereignty and geographical integrity.[44]
South Korea The South Korean UN ambassador, during the UN Security Council that took place on 29 December 2025, whilst not stating a direct condemnation of the recognition of Somaliland, stated that such actions "in order to be constructive" must be discussed diplomatically with the entities involved before being pursued.[23]
South Sudan Claims were made on 26 December 2025 by Somaliland media outlets, Fox News and The Independent that South Sudan was the second nation to recognise Somaliland after Israel.[45][46] The following day, South Sudan's foreign minister was reported to have told their Somali counterpart that they were against "any actions that undermine the country’s territorial integrity".[47]
Sudan Sudan claimed in a joint official statement with other Arab countries that they condemned the "serious repercussions to peace and security in the Horn of Africa and the Red Sea region, and its serious impacts on international peace and security" that came with recognising Somaliland.[20]
Sweden The Ministry of Foreign Affairs stated that Sweden "upholds the principles of Somalia’s unity, sovereignty and territorial integrity".[48]
Syria Syria affirmed its "support for the unity of Somali territories".[49]
Tanzania In 2011, the foreign minister of Tanzania said that it would not recognise Somaliland and preferred that Somalia remain a single country.[42]
Tunisia In a statement released by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Tunisia reaffirmed its support for the stances taken by the African Union Commission, the League of Arab States, and the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, which all denounced Israel's recognition of Somaliland.[50]
Turkey
Main article: Somaliland–Turkey relations

Turkey has emphasised "full support for the unity, sovereignty and territorial integrity of Somalia."[24]

Ukraine Foreign Ministry spokesperson Heorhii Tykhyi remarked that Ukraine reaffirms its support for Somalia's sovereignty and territorial integrity and cautions all states against acts that violate international law and could destabilise the area.[51]
United Arab Emirates
Main article: Somaliland–United Arab Emirates relations

The United Arab Emirates released a joint statement with the African Union on Somalia where both sides reaffirmed their support for Somalia’s sovereignty, territorial integrity, security and stability.[52]

United Kingdom
Main article: Somaliland–United Kingdom relations

The United Kingdom's government stated its support for Somalia's sovereignty and territorial integrity, while also officially opposing Somaliland's independence.[53][54]

United States
Main article: Somaliland–United States relations

On 26 December 2025, when asked whether he planned to recognise Somaliland, U.S. president Donald Trump said "just say no, not at this, just say no," adding "Does anyone know what Somaliland is, really?"[55] The U.S. Department of State subsequently stated that it continued to recognise the territorial integrity of Somalia (One Somalia policy), which includes the territory of Somaliland.[56] On 29 December 2025, this position was confirmed during a UN Security Council meeting convened to discuss Somaliland's recognition, but defended Israel's right to conduct diplomatic relations as any other sovereign state.[57]

Venezuela Venezuela reiterated its rejection of "any unilateral action aimed at recognising separatist entities" within its borders and its "full and firm recognition" of Somalia's unity and sovereignty.[58]
Yemen The Presidential Leadership Council, which hold's Yemen's seat at the United Nations, claimed in a joint official statement with other Arab countries that they condemned the "serious repercussions to peace and security in the Horn of Africa and the Red Sea region, and its serious impacts on international peace and security" that came with recognising Somaliland.[20]

Positions taken by intergovernmental organisations

[edit]
Name Official position
African Union On 26 December 2025, the African Union warned against any attempt to "undermine the unity, sovereignty, and territorial integrity of Somalia."[24] However in 2005, an African Union factfinding mission to Somaliland concluded "The fact that the "union between Somaliland and Somalia was never ratified" and also malfunctioned when it went into action from 1960 to 1990, makes Somaliland's search for recognition historically unique and self-justified in African political history. Objectively viewed, the case should not be linked to the notion of "opening a Pandora’s box". As such, the AU should find a special method of dealing with this outstanding case."[59]
Arab League The Arab League has rejected "interference in Somalia's internal affairs."[60]
European Union The European Union reaffirmed the importance of respecting the unity, sovereignty and territorial integrity of Somalia.[61]
East African Community The East African Community stated that it opposed the idea of a State of Somaliland as it went against its ideal of a united, sole Somali state.[62]
Gulf Cooperation Council The GCC has declared support for Somalia's security, stability, sovereignty, and territorial integrity.[60]
Intergovernmental Authority on Development The Intergovernmental Authority on Development reiterated its firm commitment to the Federal Republic of Somalia’s unity, sovereignty, and territorial integrity.[63]
Organisation of Islamic Cooperation The Organisation of Islamic Cooperation affirmed its full solidarity with the Federal Republic of Somalia and its unwavering support for its sovereignty and territorial unity, as well as its unequivocal support for its legitimate institutions.[64]

See also

[edit]

Notes

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  1. ^ Micronations are trivial entities that claim statehood but lack diplomatic recognition and self-governance. Liberland is a micronation, not a sovereign state, and fails to meet both the constitutive and declarative theories of statehood.[4]
  2. ^ The establishment of "representative offices" rather than formal embassies deliberately avoids the issue of diplomatic recognition.[12]

References

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  1. ^ Benjamin Fogel; Alec Birnbach (2025-12-25). "Why the Trump Administration Should Recognize Somaliland". The National Interest. Retrieved 2025-12-27.
  2. ^ a b "Historical Documents - Office of the Historian". US State Department. Retrieved 2025-12-27.
  3. ^ "Background on Somaliland – Establishment of an "Invisible Country"". CJA. Retrieved 2025-12-27.
  4. ^ Gabriel Rossman (2016). "Extremely Loud and Incredibly Close (But Still So Far): Assessing Liberland's Claim of Statehood". Chicago Journal of International Law. 17 (1).
  5. ^ "The Free Republic of Liberland has successfully begun the mutual recognition process with the Republic of Somaliland". Liberland Press. 26 September 2017. Retrieved 29 December 2025.
  6. ^ Paul Bakibinga (26 September 2017). "Liberland leader discusses mutual recognition with Somaliland". BBC. Retrieved 29 December 2025.
  7. ^ "Israel recognises Somaliland as independent state, Netanyahu says". BBC. 2025-12-26. Retrieved 2025-12-27.
  8. ^ Greyman-Kennard, Danielle (27 December 2025). "UNSC to hold session on Israel's recognition of Somaliland". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 28 December 2025.
  9. ^ Sada Elbalad. "UN Security Council to Tackle Israel's Recognition of Somaliland Amid Busy Week". see.news. Retrieved 2025-12-29.
  10. ^ Greyman-Kennard, Danielle (26 December 2025). "Israel, Somaliland establish ties with diplomatic agreement". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 26 December 2025.
  11. ^ Hassan Suudi (September 2023). An In Depth Analysis of the Somaliland-Taiwan Diplomatic Ties (PDF) (Report). Retrieved 27 December 2025. Since then, it is not clear whether Somaliland and Taiwan recognized each other as independent states, or whether Somaliland particularly recognized Taiwan.
  12. ^ Richard Atimniraye Nyelade (27 June 2024). "Strategic Diplomacy Beyond Recognition: Taiwan and Somaliland's People-Centered Relations in the Global Arena". Social Science Research Council. Retrieved 4 January 2026. These offices operate under a "representative" nomenclature that strategically avoids the term 'embassy' to mitigate issues surrounding international recognition.
  13. ^ a b Lin Chia-nan (2 July 2020). "Taiwan, Somaliland to set up representative offices". Taipei Times. Retrieved 27 December 2025.
  14. ^ Thomas J. Shattuck (1 July 2020). "Taiwan Finds an Unexpected New Friend in Somaliland". Foreign Policy Research Institute. Retrieved 27 December 2025.
  15. ^ Mohamed Hagi. "A Future Outlook: Prospects for Somaliland-Taiwan Relations". Global Taiwan Brief. Vol. 9, no. 9. Somaliland sees Taiwan as an entity separate from China [...] Hence, there is no ambiguity in Somaliland's stance. Somaliland's relationship with Taiwan is based on the reality on the ground: respecting Taiwan's sovereignty and value as a partner, while acknowledging China's global influence.
  16. ^ Kakar, Hijratullah (2025-12-28). "Kabul condemns Israel's recognition of Somaliland". Retrieved 2025-12-28.
  17. ^ "L'Algérie condamne avec la plus grande fermeté la décision de l'entité sioniste de reconnaître le Somaliland" (in French). Algiers: Algeria Press Service. 27 December 2025. Retrieved 28 December 2025.
  18. ^ "MFA: Recognition of Somaliland violates international law, Azerbaijan fully supports Somalia's territorial integrity". Apa.az. Retrieved 2025-12-29.
  19. ^ "China hits out at 'support for separatists' after Israel recognises Somaliland". South China Morning Post. 2025-12-29. Retrieved 2026-01-04.
  20. ^ a b c d e f g h i j "21 Arab, Islamic, African states and entities condemn Israel's recognition of Somaliland". i24NEWS. 2025-12-27. Retrieved 2025-12-27.
  21. ^ "Cuba rechaza aval de Israel a Somalilandia y denuncia doble rasero". ALMA Plus (in Spanish). 30 December 2025. Retrieved 30 December 2025.
  22. ^ Antonopoulos, Paul (30 December 2025). "Cyprus aligns with EU: "Somaliland remains an integral part of the Somalia"". Greek City Times. Retrieved 30 December 2025.
  23. ^ a b c d e f "Israel's Recognition of Somaliland Triggers Sharp Divides, as Security Council Speakers Warn Move Threatens Stability in Horn of Africa". UN. Retrieved 2025-12-30.
  24. ^ a b c d "Somalia and African Union condemn Israel's recognition of Somaliland". 2025-12-27. Retrieved 2025-12-27.
  25. ^ "Press Release : Purported Recognition of "Somaliland"". Eritrea Ministry Of Information. 2025-12-28. Retrieved 2025-12-28.
  26. ^ "India Supports Somalia After Israel's Somaliland Recognition but Treads Cautiously on US' Greenland Push". The Wire. Retrieved 2026-01-11.
  27. ^ "Pengakuan Israel Atas Somaliland Manuver Berbahaya". rmol.id (in Indonesian). Retrieved 29 December 2025.
  28. ^ "Iran Slams Israel's Recognition of Somaliland as 'Flagrant Violation' of Somalia's Sovereignty". Horseed Media. 27 December 2025. Retrieved 27 December 2025.
  29. ^ a b c d "Arab countries condemn Israel's recognition of breakaway Somaliland region". Anadolu Ajansi. Retrieved 2025-12-27.
  30. ^ "National News Agency - Lebanon rejects Israel-Somaliland recognition deal". National News Agency. Retrieved 2025-12-28.
  31. ^ "Malaysia Rejects Israel's 'Somaliland' Recognition". Bernama. 30 December 2025. Retrieved 30 December 2025.
  32. ^ "Mauritania Condemns Israel's Somaliland Recognition, Reaffirms Support for Somalia's Unity". Dawan Africa. 2025-12-28. Retrieved 2025-12-28.
  33. ^ "Pakistan condemns Israel's recognition of Somaliland, calls it detrimental to peace in East Africa". Arab News PK. 2025-12-27. Retrieved 2025-12-27.
  34. ^ "Qatar Reaffirms Support for Somalia's Unity in Talks with Somaliland Leader". Doha: FTL Somalia. 30 June 2025. Retrieved 27 December 2025.
  35. ^ "Qatar categorically rejects mutual recognition announcement between Israeli occupation authorities and Somaliland region". Doha: The Peninsula. 27 December 2025. Retrieved 27 December 2025.
  36. ^ "قطر تحذر من سابقة خطيرة وترفض اعتراف الاحتلال بإقليم أرض الصومال" [Qatar warns of a dangerous precedent and rejects the occupation’s recognition of the Somaliland region.] (in Arabic). Ramallah: دنيا الوطن [ar]. Retrieved 27 December 2025.
  37. ^ "Israel's recognition of Somaliland goes against Somali's sovereignty — Russian mission". TASS. 30 December 2025. Retrieved 30 December 2025.
  38. ^ Okello, Dickens H. (2025-12-29). "Rwanda Aligns with AU, EAC on Somaliland Dispute". ChimpReports. Retrieved 2025-12-29.
  39. ^ "Statement of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Serbia). 27 December 2025. Retrieved 27 December 2025.
  40. ^ "Israel defends Somaliland move at UN amid concerns over Gaza motives". The Straits Times. 2025-12-30. ISSN 0585-3923. Retrieved 2025-12-29.
  41. ^ "Why Somalilanders are smitten with Donald Trump". BBC. 2025-01-16. Retrieved 2025-12-27.
  42. ^ a b "SA, Tanzania don't recognise Somaliland". Times Live. 13 August 2011. Retrieved 13 October 2014.
  43. ^ Hansen, Stig Jarle; Bradbury, Mark (1 September 2007). "Somaliland: A New Democracy in the Horn of Africa?". Review of African Political Economy. 34 (113): 461–476. doi:10.1080/03056240701672585. hdl:10.1080/03056240701672585. ISSN 0305-6244. S2CID 154448170.
  44. ^ Patel, Faizel (30 December 2025). "SA condemns Israel's recognition of Somaliland as 'violation of sovereignty'". The Citizen. Retrieved 30 December 2025.
  45. ^ "Israel becomes first country to recognise Somaliland". The Independent. 2025-12-27. Retrieved 2025-12-28.
  46. ^ "BREAKING: South Sudan to Become the Second Country to Recognise Somaliland". Qaran News. Retrieved 2025-12-28.
  47. ^ "South Sudan rejects Somaliland recognition in diplomatic phone call". Sudans Post. 2025-12-28. Retrieved 2025-12-28.
  48. ^ "Sweden supports Somalia's sovereignty, rejects Israeli Somaliland move". Yeni Şafak. Retrieved 2025-12-29.
  49. ^ @syrianmofaex (27 December 2025). "الجمهورية العربية السورية ترفض الاعتراف المتبادل بين الاحتلال الإسرائيلي وإقليم أرض الصومال وتؤكد دعمها لوحدة الأراضي الصومالية" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  50. ^ "Tunisia Condemns the Zionist Entity's Recognition of Somaliland". Tunisie numerique. 28 December 2025. Retrieved 30 December 2025.
  51. ^ "Foreign Ministry: Ukraine supports Somalia's territorial integrity and warns against dangerous precedents". Ukrinform. 29 December 2025. Retrieved 30 December 2025.
  52. ^ "Joint Statement between the African Union Commission and the United Arab Emirates". UAE Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved 2026-01-06.
  53. ^ "UK refuses to recognise breakaway Somaliland as independent". Reuters. 29 December 2025. Retrieved 30 December 2025.
  54. ^ "The United Kingdom reaffirms its support for the sovereignty, territorial integrity, political independence, and unity of Somalia: UK statement at the UN Security Council". GOV.UK. 2025-12-29. Retrieved 2025-12-29.
  55. ^ Nelson, Steven (December 26, 2025). "Trump tells The Post he's not ready to embrace Somaliland independence — unlike pal Netanyahu". Washington: New York Post. Retrieved December 27, 2025.
  56. ^ Magid, Jacob; Agencies; Berman, Lazar (2025-12-27). "UN Security Council to convene emergency meeting on Israel's Somaliland recognition". The Times of Israel. ISSN 0040-7909. Retrieved 2025-12-28.
  57. ^ "Remarks at a UN Security Council Emergency Meeting on Somaliland". United States Mission to the United Nations. 2025-12-29. Retrieved 2025-12-29.
  58. ^ "Venezuela apoya soberanía de Somalia y rechaza reconocimiento a entidades separatistas". SWI swissinfo (in Spanish). 27 December 2025. Retrieved 30 December 2025.
  59. ^ "AU Fact-Finding Mission to Somaliland (30 April to 4 May 2005)" (PDF). www.americanrhetoric.com.
  60. ^ a b "Arab League, Gulf bloc reject Israel's recognition of Somalia's breakaway region of Somaliland". Anadolu Ajansi. Retrieved 2025-12-27.
  61. ^ "Israel/Somalia: Statement by the Spokesperson on the territorial integrity of the Federal Republic of Somalia | EEAS". www.eeas.europa.eu.
  62. ^ "East African Community denounces the Republic of Somaliland. Insists Mogadishu is a single state". The Tanzania Times. 2025-12-28. Retrieved 2025-12-29.
  63. ^ "IGAD Secretariat Reiterates Its Firm Commitment to the Federal Republic of Somalia's Unity, Sovereignty, and Territorial Integrity". IGAD. Retrieved 30 December 2025.
  64. ^ "NewsDetail". new.oic-oci.org.

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