Guthred

Guthred
Guthred
King of Northumbria
Reign	c. 883 – 24 August 895 (or perhaps 894)
Predecessor	Ecgberht II
Successor	Sigfroðr or Knútr (or both)
Died	24 August 895 (or perhaps 894)
Burial	York Minster, York
Father	Hardacnut Sigurdsson
Religion	unknown, probably syncretic

Guthred Hardacnutsson (Old Norse: Guðfriðr; Latin: Guthfridus; born c. 844 – died 24 August 895 AD) was the second viking king of Northumbria from circa 883 until his death.

Life

Kings of Northumbria in the Norse era

The first known king of Viking York, Halfdan, was expelled in 877. In c. 883, Symeon of Durham's History of the Kings simply states, "Guthred, from a slave, was made king", but his History of the Church of Durham gives a longer account. Here he writes that after Halfdan was driven out:

During this time the [Viking] army, and such of the inhabitants as survived, being without a king, were insecure; whereupon the blessed Cuthbert himself appeared in a vision to abbot Eadred [of the monastery at Carlisle]...[and] addressed him in the following words:—"Go to the army of the Danes," he said, "and announce to them that you are come as my messenger; and ask where you can find a lad named Guthred, the son of Hardacnut, whom they sold to a widow. Having found him, and paid the widow the price of his liberty, let him be brought forward before the whole aforesaid army; and my will and pleasure is, that he be elected and appointed king at Oswiesdune, (that is, Oswin's hill), and let the bracelet be placed upon his right arm.[1]

It is not clear whether Guthred was a Christian, but his relations with the community of Saint Cuthbert, which was a major force in the former Bernicia, and which had lain outside the influence of Halfdan, whose authority was limited to the former Deira—approximately Yorkshire—were good. He granted much land between the River Tyne and the River Wear to the community. This had once belonged to the Monkwearmouth–Jarrow Abbey, and formed the core lands of the church of Durham. Other lands, at the mouth of the River Tees, Guthred allowed Eadred to purchase for the church.[2]

Symeon recounts that Guthred faced a large invasion by the Scots, which was defeated with the aid of Saint Cuthbert.[3]

Death

Guthred died on 24 August 895 (or perhaps 894) and was buried at York Minster.[4]

Æthelweard the 10th century historian, wrote in his Chronicon for 895:

There also died Guthfrith. king of the Northumbrians, on the feast of the apostle St Bartholomew [24 August]; his body is entombed in the city of York in the chief church.[5]

Cultural depictions

Literature

Guthred appears as a character in Bernard Cornwell's The Saxon Stories series, figuring particularly in The Lords of the North (2006).

Television

He is portrayed by Thure Lindhardt in the TV adaptation of Cornwell's novel series, The Last Kingdom.

Video games

In Total War Saga: Thrones of Britannia, Guthred (spelled Guthfrid in the game) leads the playable faction of Northymbre.[6]

Notes

^ Symeon of Durham, History of the Church of Durham, Chapter XXVIII.
^ Higham, Northern Counties, pp. 310–311.
^ Symeon of Durham, History of the Church of Durham, Chapters XXVIII–XXIX.
^ Stenton, pp. 262–263.
^ "The Fourth Book of the Chronicle of Aethelweard". Archived from the original on 28 December 2008. Retrieved 23 January 2009.
^ Total War (15 March 2018), Total War Saga: Thrones of Britannia – Northymbre Trailer, archived from the original on 15 December 2021, retrieved 15 March 2018

References

Downham, Clare (2007), Viking Kings of Britain and Ireland: The Dynasty of Ívarr to A.D. 1014, Edinburgh: Dunedin, ISBN 978-1-903765-89-0
Higham, N. J. (1986), The Northern Counties to AD 1000, Harlow: Longman, ISBN 0-582-49276-9
Higham, N. J. (1993), The Kingdom of Northumbria AD 350–1100, Stroud: Sutton, ISBN 0-86299-730-5
Hudson, Benjamin (2005), Viking Pirates and Christian Princes: Dynasty, Religion and Empire in the North Atlantic, Oxford: Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-516237-4, OCLC 55286670
Symeon of Durham (1855). "The Historical Works of Simeon of Durham". Church Historians of England, volume III, part II. Translated by J. Stevenson. Seeley's. Retrieved 27 January 2007.
Stenton, Frank M. (1971), Anglo-Saxon England (3rd ed.), Oxford: Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-280139-2, OCLC 185499725
Woolf, Alex (2007), From Pictland to Alba, 789–1070, The New Edinburgh History of Scotland, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, ISBN 978-0-7486-1234-5

External links

Guthfrith 3 at Prosopography of Anglo-Saxon England

[1] Symeon of Durham, History of the Church of Durham, Chapter XXVIII.

[2] Higham, Northern Counties, pp. 310–311.

[3] Symeon of Durham, History of the Church of Durham, Chapters XXVIII–XXIX.

[4] Stenton, pp. 262–263.

[5] "The Fourth Book of the Chronicle of Aethelweard". Archived from the original on 28 December 2008. Retrieved 23 January 2009.

[6] Total War (15 March 2018), Total War Saga: Thrones of Britannia – Northymbre Trailer, archived from the original on 15 December 2021, retrieved 15 March 2018

[7] Rulers with names in italics are considered fictional

[8] Mackenzie, E; Ross, M (1834). An Historical, Topographical, and Descriptive View of the County Palatine of Durham. Vol. I. Newcastle upon Tyne: Mackenzie and Dent. p. xi. Retrieved 28 February 2012.

[9] Downham, Clare (2007), Viking Kings of Britain and Ireland: The Dynasty of Ívarr to A.D. 1014, Edinburgh: Dunedin, ISBN 978-1-903765-89-0, OCLC 163618313

[10] Woolf, Alex (2007), From Pictland to Alba, 789–1070, The New Edinburgh History of Scotland, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, ISBN 978-0-7486-1234-5, OCLC 123113911

[11] Zaluckyj, Sarah & Feryok, Marge. Mercia: The Anglo-Saxon Kingdom of Central England (2001) ISBN 1-873827-62-8

[12] Barbara Yorke (1995), Wessex in the early Middle Ages, A & C Black, ISBN 071851856X; pp 79-83; table p. 81

[13] Kelly, S. E. (2004). "Kings of the South Saxons (act. 477–772)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/52344. Retrieved 3 February 2017. (Subscription, Wikipedia Library access or UK public library membership required.)

[14] Keynes, Simon (2014). "Appendix I: Rulers of the English, c.450–1066". In Lapidge, Michael (ed.). The Wiley-Blackwell Encyclopedia of Anglo-Saxon England. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-0-470-65632-7.

[15] Kirby, D. P. The Earliest English Kings. London and New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-4152-4211-0.

[16] Lapidge, M.; et al., eds. (1999). "Kings of the East Angles". The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Anglo-Saxon England. London: Blackwell. ISBN 978-0-6312-2492-1.

[17] Searle, W. G. 1899. Anglo-Saxon Bishops, Kings and Nobles.

[18] Yorke, B. 1990. Kings and Kingdoms of Early Anglo-Saxon England.

[19] Carpenter, Clive. Kings, Rulers and Statesmen. Guinness Superlatives, Ltd.

[20] Ross, Martha. Rulers and Governments of the World, Vol. 1. Earliest Times to 1491.

[21] Ashley, Michael (1998). British Monarchs: the Complete Genealogy, Gazetteer, and Biographical Encyclopedia of the Kings & Queens of Britain. London: Robinson. ISBN 978-1-8548-7504-4.

v t e Monarchs of Northumbria
Kings of Bernicia 547–670	Ida Glappa Adda Æthelric Theodric Frithuwald Hussa Æthelfrith Edwin Eanfrith Oswald Oswiu
Kings of Deira 560–679	Ælla Æthelric Æthelfrith Edwin Osric Oswald Oswiu Oswine Œthelwald Alhfrith Ælfwine
Kings of Northumbria 642–867	Oswiu Ecgfrith Ealdfrith Eadwulf I Osred I Coenred Osric Ceolwulf Eadberht Oswulf Æthelwald Moll Ealhred Æthelred I Ælfwald I Osred II Osbald Eardwulf Ælfwald II Eanred Æthelred II Redwulf Osberht Ælla
Kings of Viking Northumbria 867–954	Ecgberht Ricsige Halfdan I Guthfrith I Siefredus Cnut Æthelwold Airdeconut Eowils Halfdan II Ingwær Ragnall I Sitric I Caech Guthfrith II Olaf I Guthfrithson Sitric II Olaf II Cuaran Ragnall II Guthfrithson Eric Bloodaxe