Global Innovation Index

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The Global Innovation Index is an annual ranking of countries by their capacity for and success in innovation, published by the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO). It was started in 2007 by INSEAD and World Business, a British magazine. Until 2021, it was published by WIPO in partnership with Cornell University, INSEAD, and other organisations and institutions. It is based on both subjective and objective data derived from several sources, including the International Telecommunication Union, the World Bank, and the World Economic Forum.

Global Innovation Index
Report cover of the Global Innovation Index Report 2025
LanguageEnglish, French, Italian, Spanish, Arabic, Chinese, Russian, German, Korean, Portuguese, Japanese
Publication details
History2007–present
Publisher
FrequencyAnnual
LicenseCC BY 4.0
Standard abbreviations
ISO 4Glob. Innov. Index
Indexing
ISSN2263-3693
Links
Framework showing the elements of the index

The Global Innovation Index is an annual ranking of countries by their capacity for and success in innovation, published by the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO). It was started in 2007 by INSEAD and World Business,[1]: 203  a British magazine. Until 2021, it was published by WIPO in partnership with Cornell University, INSEAD, and other organisations and institutions.[2]: 333 [3] It is based on both subjective and objective data derived from several sources, including the International Telecommunication Union, the World Bank, and the World Economic Forum.[1]: 203 

History

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The Global Innovation Index was started in 2007 by INSEAD and World Business,[1]: 203  a British magazine. It was created by Soumitra Dutta.[4]

Methodology

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The Global Innovation Index is computed by taking a simple average of the scores in two sub-indices (the Innovation Input Index and Innovation Output Index), which are composed of respectively five and two pillars. Each of those pillars describes an attribute of innovation and have to five indicators, and their score is calculated by the weighted average method.[5]

Since its inception in 2007, the index has had its results analyzed by an increasing number of governments annually, which design policy responses to improve their performance.[6][7][8][9][10] The index is mentioned in a resolution on science, technology and innovation for sustainable development adopted on 19 December 2019 by the General Assembly of the United Nations.[11]

Criticism

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Several scholars have criticized the index for giving excessive significance attributed to factors that are not integral to innovation. For instance, "Ease of Paying Taxes", "Electricity Output" (half-weightage), and "Ease of Protecting Minority Investors" are factors alongside "Ease of Getting Credit" and "Venture Capital Deals."[12] A 2024 study by Sarcina, Paolantonio, Valentini, and Iannone argued that the analysis of the GII pillars is "too aggregated to provide the necessary visibility of the determinants of innovation performance." The research found that indicators within a single pillar "contribute with different weights and have different statistical significance." The authors suggested that the model for calculating the ranking should be redefined to not only consider the "most statistically representative variables" but also to include "geographical, demographic, and socio-economic factors," noting that the importance of various innovation determinants likely differs between countries at different stages of development.[13]

Themes

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Every two years, the index covers a theme related to innovation that goes beyond the innovation rankings. In 2020, the theme was "Who will finance innovation?" and shed light on the state of innovation financing by investigating the evolution of existing mechanisms and by pointing to progress and remaining challenges. Previous themes covered topics such as health innovation, environmental innovation, and agricultural and food innovation.[14]

2025 ranking

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Economies climbing the ladder in global innovation. Top climbers since 2013 and 2019. Year-on-year comparisons of GII rankings must take into account changes to the GII model that have occurred over time, as well as data availability.

In 2025, for an economy to feature in the GII 2025, the minimum data coverage requirement is at least 35 indicators in the Innovation Input Sub-Index and 15 indicators in the Innovation Output Sub-Index, with scores for at least two sub-pillars per pillar. In the GII 2025, 139 economies had sufficient data available to be included in the Index. They represent 93.6 percent of the world's population.[15] This year's conceptual framework includes 78 different indicators.[16]

The Global Innovation Index 2025 scores 139 countries and regions.[17]

Rank Country and region Score Income group
1  Switzerland 66.0 High-income
2  Sweden 62.6 High-income
3  United States 61.7 High-income
4  South Korea 60.0 High-income
5  Singapore 59.9 High-income
6  United Kingdom 59.1 High-income
7  Finland 57.7 High-income
8  Netherlands 57.0 High-income
9  Denmark 56.9 High-income
10  China 56.6 Upper middle-income
11  Germany 55.5 High-income
12  Japan 53.6 High-income
13  France 53.4 High-income
14  Israel 52.3 High-income
15  Hong Kong 51.5 High-income
16  Estonia 51.1 High-income
17  Canada 51.1 High-income
18  Ireland 50.4 High-income
19  Austria 50.1 High-income
20  Norway 49.2 High-income
21  Belgium 48.5 High-income
22  Australia 48.0 High-income
23  Luxembourg 47.3 High-income
24  Iceland 47.0 High-income
25  New Zealand 45.5 High-income
26  Cyprus 45.5 High-income
27  Malta 45.4 High-income
28  Italy 44.9 High-income
29  Spain 44.6 High-income
30  United Arab Emirates 44.2 High-income
31  Portugal 43.9 High-income
32  Czech Republic 42.0 High-income
33  Lithuania 40.8 High-income
34  Malaysia 40.6 Upper middle-income
35  Slovenia 40.1 High-income
36  Hungary 40.0 High-income
37  Bulgaria 39.1 High-income
38  India 38.2 Lower middle-income
39  Poland 37.7 High-income
40  Croatia 37.7 High-income
41  Latvia 37.5 High-income
42  Greece 37.4 High-income
43  Turkey 37.2 High-income
44  Vietnam 37.1 Upper middle-income
45  Thailand 36.7 Upper middle-income
46  Saudi Arabia 36.0 High-income
47  Slovakia 35.5 High-income
48  Qatar 34.6 High-income
49  Romania 34.3 High-income
50  Philippines 33.6 Lower middle-income
51  Chile 33.1 High-income
52  Brazil 32.9 Upper middle-income
53  Mauritius 32.5 Upper middle-income
54  Serbia 31.7 Upper middle-income
55  Indonesia 31.3 Upper middle-income
56  Georgia 31.2 Upper middle-income
57  Morocco 31.1 Lower middle-income
58  Mexico 30.5 Upper middle-income
59  Armenia 30.5 Upper middle-income
60  Russia 30.3 High-income
61  South Africa 30.1 Upper middle-income
62  Bahrain 30.0 High-income
63  North Macedonia 29.8 Upper middle-income
64  Montenegro 29.8 Upper middle-income
65  Jordan 29.7 Lower middle-income
66  Ukraine 29.7 Lower middle-income
67  Albania 29.6 Upper middle-income
68  Uruguay 28.8 High-income
69  Oman 28.7 High-income
70  Iran 28.5 Lower middle-income
71  Colombia 28.5 Upper middle-income
72  Costa Rica 28.4 High-income
73  Kuwait 28.2 High-income
74  Moldova 27.4 Upper middle-income
75  Seychelles 27.2 High-income
76  Tunisia 27.0 Lower middle-income
77  Argentina 26.8 Upper middle-income
78  Mongolia 26.7 Upper middle-income
79  Uzbekistan 26.5 Lower middle-income
80  Peru 26.5 Upper middle-income
81  Kazakhstan 26.3 Upper middle-income
82  Panama 25.9 High-income
83  Jamaica 25.2 Upper middle-income
84  Barbados 25.1 High-income
85  Belarus 25.1 Upper middle-income
86  Egypt 24.7 Lower middle-income
87  Botswana 24.6 Upper middle-income
88  Brunei 24.5 High-income
89  Senegal 23.8 Lower middle-income
90  Lebanon 23.6 Lower middle-income
91  Namibia 23.5 Lower middle-income
92  Bosnia and Herzegovina 23.4 Upper middle-income
93  Sri Lanka 22.9 Lower middle-income
94  Azerbaijan 22.9 Upper middle-income
95  Cape Verde 22.6 Lower middle-income
96  Kyrgyzstan 22.6 Lower middle-income
97  Dominican Republic 22.6 Upper middle-income
98  El Salvador 22.2 Upper middle-income
99  Pakistan 22.1 Lower middle-income
100  Cambodia 21.9 Lower middle-income
101  Ghana 21.9 Lower middle-income
102  Paraguay 21.4 Upper middle-income
103  Kenya 21.4 Lower middle-income
104  Rwanda 21.1 Low-income
105  Nigeria 21.1 Lower middle-income
106  Bangladesh 21.0 Lower middle-income
107  Nepal 20.2 Lower middle-income
108  Tajikistan 20.2 Lower middle-income
109  Laos 20.1 Lower middle-income
110  Ivory Coast 19.7 Lower middle-income
111  Bolivia 19.6 Lower middle-income
112  Zambia 19.6 Lower middle-income
113  Ecuador 19.5 Upper middle-income
114  Trinidad and Tobago 19.3 High-income
115  Algeria 18.9 Lower middle-income
116  Cameroon 18.2 Lower middle-income
117  Togo 18.1 Low-income
118  Benin 17.8 Lower middle-income
119  Honduras 17.7 Lower middle-income
120  Madagascar 17.6 Low-income
121  Tanzania 17.5 Low-income
122  Myanmar 17.3 Lower middle-income
123  Guatemala 17.1 Upper middle-income
124  Uganda 17.1 Lower middle-income
125  Malawi 16.0 Low-income
126  Burkina Faso 15.9 Low-income
127  Burundi 15.8 Low-income
128  Mozambique 15.4 Low-income
129  Zimbabwe 15.4 Lower middle-income
130  Nicaragua 15.4 Lower middle-income
131  Mauritania 15.4 Low-income
132  Lesotho 14.9 Low-income
133  Guinea 14.9 Lower middle-income
134  Ethiopia 14.4 Low-income
135  Mali 14.0 Low-income
136  Venezuela 13.7 Lower middle-income
137  Republic of the Congo 13.6 Lower middle-income
138  Angola 13.0 Lower middle-income
139  Niger 11.9 Low-income

2024 ranking

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Movement in the Global Innovation Index top 10 countries and territories between 2018 and 2022

The Global Innovation Index 2024 scores 133 countries and regions.[18][19] The sorting order is in descending score.

Rank Country and region Score Income group
 1   Switzerland 67.5   High-income
 2   Sweden 64.5   High-income
 3   United States 62.4   High-income
 4   Singapore 61.2   High-income
 5   United Kingdom 61.0   High-income
 6   South Korea 60.9   High-income
 7   Finland 59.4   High-income
 8   Netherlands 58.8   High-income
 9   Germany 58.1   High-income
 10   Denmark 57.1   High-income
 11   China 56.3   Upper middle-income
 12   France 55.4   High-income
 13   Japan 54.1   High-income
 14   Canada 52.9   High-income
 15   Israel 52.7   High-income
 16   Estonia 52.3   High-income
 17   Austria 50.3   High-income
 18   Hong Kong 50.1   High-income
 19   Ireland 50.0   High-income
 20   Luxembourg 49.1   High-income
 21   Norway 49.1   High-income
 22   Iceland 48.5   High-income
 23   Australia 48.1   High-income
 24   Belgium 47.7   High-income
 25   New Zealand 45.9   High-income
 26   Italy 45.3   High-income
 27   Cyprus 45.1   High-income
 28   Spain 44.9   High-income
 29   Malta 44.8   High-income
 30   Czech Republic 44.0   High-income
 31   Portugal 43.7   High-income
 32   United Arab Emirates 42.8   High-income
 33   Malaysia 40.5   Upper middle-income
 34   Slovenia 40.2   High-income
 35   Lithuania 40.1   High-income
 36   Hungary 39.6   High-income
 37   Turkey 39.0   Upper middle-income
 38   Bulgaria 38.5   High-income
 39   India 38.3   Lower middle-income
 40   Poland 37.0   High-income
 41   Thailand 36.9   Upper middle-income
 42   Latvia 36.4   High-income
 43   Croatia 36.3   High-income
 44   Vietnam 36.2   Lower middle-income
 45   Greece 36.2   High-income
 46   Slovakia 34.3   High-income
 47   Saudi Arabia 33.9   High-income
 48   Romania 33.4   High-income
 49   Qatar 32.9   High-income
 50   Brazil 32.7   Upper middle-income
 51   Chile 32.6   High-income
 52   Serbia 32.3   Upper middle-income
 53   Philippines 31.1   Lower middle-income
 54   Indonesia 30.6   Upper middle-income
 55   Mauritius 30.6   Upper middle-income
 56   Mexico 30.4   Upper middle-income
 57   Georgia 30.4   Upper middle-income
 58   North Macedonia 29.9   Upper middle-income
 59   Russia 29.7   High-income
 60   Ukraine 29.5   Lower middle-income
 61   Colombia 29.2   Upper middle-income
 62   Uruguay 29.1   High-income
 63   Armenia 29.0   Upper middle-income
 64   Iran 28.9   Lower middle-income
 65   Montenegro 28.9   Upper middle-income
 66   Morocco 28.8   Lower middle-income
 67   Mongolia 28.7   Lower middle-income
 68   Moldova 28.7   Upper middle-income
 69   South Africa 28.3   Upper middle-income
 70   Costa Rica 28.3   Upper middle-income
 71   Kuwait 28.1   High-income
 72   Bahrain 27.6   High-income
 73   Jordan 27.5   Lower middle-income
 74   Oman 27.1   High-income
 75   Peru 26.7   Upper middle-income
 76   Argentina 26.4   Upper middle-income
 77   Barbados 26.1   High-income
 78   Kazakhstan 25.7   Upper middle-income
 79   Jamaica 25.7   Upper middle-income
 80   Bosnia and Herzegovina 25.5   Upper middle-income
 81   Tunisia 25.4   Lower middle-income
 82   Panama 24.7   High-income
 83   Uzbekistan 24.7   Lower middle-income
 84   Albania 24.5   Upper middle-income
 85   Belarus 24.2   Upper middle-income
 86   Egypt 23.7   Lower middle-income
 87   Botswana 23.1   Upper middle-income
 88   Brunei 22.8   High-income
 89   Sri Lanka 22.6   Lower middle-income
 90   Cape Verde 22.3   Lower middle-income
 91   Pakistan 22.0   Lower middle-income
 92   Senegal 22.0   Lower middle-income
 93   Paraguay 21.9   Upper middle-income
 94   Lebanon 21.5   Lower middle-income
 95   Azerbaijan 21.3   Upper middle-income
 96   Kenya 21.0   Lower middle-income
 97   Dominican Republic 20.8   Upper middle-income
 98   El Salvador 20.6   Upper middle-income
 99   Kyrgyzstan 20.4   Lower middle-income
 100   Bolivia 20.2   Lower middle-income
 101   Ghana 20.0   Lower middle-income
 102   Namibia 20.0   Upper middle-income
 103   Cambodia 19.9   Lower middle-income
 104   Rwanda 19.7   Low-income
 105   Ecuador 19.3   Upper middle-income
 106   Bangladesh 19.1   Lower middle-income
 107   Tajikistan 18.6   Lower middle-income
 108   Trinidad and Tobago 18.4   High-income
 109   Nepal 18.1   Lower middle-income
 110   Madagascar 17.9   Low-income
 111   Laos 17.8   Lower middle-income
 112   Ivory Coast 17.5   Lower middle-income
 113   Nigeria 17.1   Lower middle-income
 114   Honduras 16.7   Lower middle-income
 115   Algeria 16.2   Lower middle-income
 116   Zambia 15.7   Lower middle-income
 117   Togo 15.6   Low-income
 118   Zimbabwe 15.6   Lower middle-income
 119   Benin 15.4   Lower middle-income
 120   Tanzania 15.3   Lower middle-income
 121   Uganda 14.9   Low-income
 122   Guatemala 14.6   Upper middle-income
 123   Cameroon 14.4   Lower middle-income
 124   Nicaragua 14.0   Lower middle-income
 125   Myanmar 13.8   Lower middle-income
 126   Mauritania 13.2   Lower middle-income
 127   Burundi 13.2   Low-income
 128   Mozambique 13.1   Low-income
 129   Burkina Faso 12.8   Low-income
 130   Ethiopia 12.3   Low-income
 131   Mali 11.8   Low-income
 132   Niger 11.2   Low-income
 133   Angola 10.2   Lower middle-income

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b c Jean-Eric Aubert (editor) (2010). Innovation Policy: A Guide for Developing Countries. Washington, DC: World Bank. ISBN 9780821382691.
  2. ^ Charles H. Matthews, Ralph Brueggemann (2015). Innovation and Entrepreneurship: A Competency Framework. London; New York: Routledge. ISBN 9780415742528.
  3. ^ "UK ranked as world-leader in innovation". Department for Business, Innovation & Skills. 17 September 2015. Retrieved 15 July 2016.
  4. ^ "Academic Network – Portulans Institute". portulansinstitute.org. Retrieved 15 November 2022.
  5. ^ Soumitra Dutta, Bruno Lanvin, Sacha Wunsch-Vincent (editors) (2015). Global Innovation Index Report 2015. Fontainebleau; Ithaca; Geneva: INSEAD, Cornell and WIPO. ISBN 9782952221085. Archived 18 February 2016.
  6. ^ "Republic Act No. 11293 : The Philippine Innovation Act declares the GII as a measure of innovation". lawphil.net. Retrieved 15 November 2022.
  7. ^ In July 2021, the Intellectual Property Strategy Headquarters, under the Japanese Prime Minister's Office, decided on the Intellectual Property Promotion Plan 2021, which set forth a plan of annual action related to intellectual property for all ministries and agencies. In the first part of the plan, WIPO's GII is cited (p. 5): https://www.kantei.go.jp/jp/singi/titeki2/kettei/chizaikeikaku20210713.pdf
  8. ^ The GII is also cited throughout the official Malaysian Government report, the Twelfth Malaysia Plan (RMK12): https://rmke12.epu.gov.my/en Archived 4 June 2023 at the Wayback Machine.
  9. ^ "Resolution No. 01/NQ-CP on solutions for implementation of socio economic development plan in 2021". LuatVietnam. Retrieved 9 November 2022.
  10. ^ "UK ranked as world-leader in innovation". Department for Business, Innovation & Skills. 17 September 2015. Retrieved 15 July 2016.
  11. ^ A/RES/74/229: Seventy-fourth session: Agenda item 20 (b): Globalization and interdependence: science, technology and innovation for sustainable development: Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2019. Accessed December 2021.
  12. ^ Dašić, Predrag; Dašić, Jovan; Antanasković, Dejan; Pavićević, Nina (2020). "Statistical Analysis and Modeling of Global Innovation Index (GII) of Serbia". In Karabegović, Isak (ed.). New Technologies, Development and Application III. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems. Vol. 128. Cham: Springer International Publishing. pp. 515–521. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-46817-0_59. ISBN 978-3-030-46817-0. S2CID 218917874.
  13. ^ Sarcina, Angela; Paolantonio, M. R.; Valentini, P. P.; Iannone, R. V. (2024). "Innovation's Performance: A Transnational Analysis Based on the Global Innovation Index". Procedia Computer Science. 235: 451–460. doi:10.1016/j.procs.2024.01.043. ISSN 1877-0509.
  14. ^ "Publications: Global Innovation Index". Wipo.int. Retrieved 8 May 2022.
  15. ^ "The Global Innovation Index. Appendix I – Conceptual and measurement framework of the Global Innovation Index". wipo.int. 2025. This article incorporates text from this source, which is available under the CC BY 4.0 license.
  16. ^ "Global Innovation Index 2025. Appendix III - Sources and definitions". wipo.int. 2025.
  17. ^ "Global Innovation Index 2025 - GII 2025 results". wipo.int. 2025.
  18. ^ WIPO. "Global Innovation Index 2024, 17th Edition". www.wipo.int. Retrieved 1 October 2024.
  19. ^ Akhilesh, Kumar (12 June 2024). "Political Economy of STI in China: Analyzing Official Discourse on Science, Technology and Innovation-Driven Development in the Contemporary China". BRICS Journal of Economics. 5 (2): 131–154. doi:10.3897/brics-econ.5.e120897. Retrieved 14 June 2024.
  •  This article incorporates text available under the CC BY 4.0 license.

Further reading

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