Protein found in humans
Collagen alpha-1(X) chain is a protein that in humans is a member of the collagen family encoded by the COL10A1 gene.[5][6]
This gene encodes the alpha chain of type X collagen, a short chain collagen expressed by hypertrophic chondrocytes during endochondral ossification. Unlike type VIII collagen, the other short chain collagen, type X collagen is a homotrimer. Type X collagen has a short triple helical collagen domain flanked by the N-terminal NC2 and the C-terminal NC1 domains. The C-terminal NC1 domain has complement C1q-like structure. Collagen X forms hexamer complexes through the association of NC1 regions.[7] Mutations in this gene are associated with Schmid type metaphyseal chondrodysplasia (SMCD) and Japanese type spondylometaphyseal dysplasia (SMD).[6]
DDR2 is a collagen receptor for it.[8]
Recent studies into the early detection of colon cancer have identified COL10A1 protein levels in serum as a potential diagnostic biomarker candidate to detect both adenoma lesions and tumor.[9]
Collagen alpha-1(X) undergoes degradation in the active growth plate releasing an intact NC1 region with a small amount of collagenous region attached. This degradation byproduct has been deemed CXM and has potential to be a useful biomarker to assess real time growth velocity in children and fracture healing in adults.[10]
- ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000123500 – Ensembl, May 2017
- ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000039462 – Ensembl, May 2017
- ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ^ Apte S, Mattei MG, Olsen BR (May 1991). "Cloning of human alpha 1(X) collagen DNA and localization of the COL10A1 gene to the q21-q22 region of human chromosome 6". FEBS Letters. 282 (2): 393–396. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(91)80521-4. PMID 2037056. S2CID 6753444.
- ^ a b "Entrez Gene: COL10A1 collagen, type X, alpha 1(Schmid metaphyseal chondrodysplasia)".
- ^ Kwan et al. 2005
- ^ Leitinger B, Kwan AP (August 2006). "The discoidin domain receptor DDR2 is a receptor for type X collagen". Matrix Biology. 25 (6): 355–364. doi:10.1016/j.matbio.2006.05.006. PMID 16806867.
- ^ Solé X, Crous-Bou M, Cordero D, Olivares D, Guinó E, Sanz-Pamplona R, et al. (September 2014). "Discovery and validation of new potential biomarkers for early detection of colon cancer". PLOS ONE. 9 (9) e106748. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...9j6748S. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0106748. PMC 4162553. PMID 25215506.
- ^ Coghlan RF, Oberdorf JA, Sienko S, Aiona MD, Boston BA, Connelly KJ, et al. (December 2017). "A degradation fragment of type X collagen is a real-time marker for bone growth velocity". Science Translational Medicine. 9 (419) eaan4669. doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.aan4669. PMC 6516194. PMID 29212713.
- Kuivaniemi H, Tromp G, Prockop DJ (1997). "Mutations in fibrillar collagens (types I, II, III, and XI), fibril-associated collagen (type IX), and network-forming collagen (type X) cause a spectrum of diseases of bone, cartilage, and blood vessels". Human Mutation. 9 (4): 300–315. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1098-1004(1997)9:4<300::AID-HUMU2>3.0.CO;2-9. PMID 9101290. S2CID 6890740.
- Kirsch T, Pfäffle M (September 1992). "Selective binding of anchorin CII (annexin V) to type II and X collagen and to chondrocalcin (C-propeptide of type II collagen). Implications for anchoring function between matrix vesicles and matrix proteins". FEBS Letters. 310 (2): 143–147. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(92)81316-E. PMID 1397263. S2CID 9498732.
- Reichenberger E, Beier F, LuValle P, Olsen BR, von der Mark K, Bertling WM (October 1992). "Genomic organization and full-length cDNA sequence of human collagen X". FEBS Letters. 311 (3): 305–310. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(92)81126-7. PMID 1397333. S2CID 12022346.
- Apte SS, Seldin MF, Hayashi M, Olsen BR (May 1992). "Cloning of the human and mouse type X collagen genes and mapping of the mouse type X collagen gene to chromosome 10". European Journal of Biochemistry. 206 (1): 217–224. doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1992.tb16919.x. PMID 1587271.
- Reichenberger E, Aigner T, von der Mark K, Stöss H, Bertling W (December 1991). "In situ hybridization studies on the expression of type X collagen in fetal human cartilage". Developmental Biology. 148 (2): 562–572. doi:10.1016/0012-1606(91)90274-7. PMID 1743401.
- Thomas JT, Cresswell CJ, Rash B, Nicolai H, Jones T, Solomon E, et al. (December 1991). "The human collagen X gene. Complete primary translated sequence and chromosomal localization". The Biochemical Journal. 280 ( Pt 3) (Pt 3): 617–623. doi:10.1042/bj2800617. PMC 1130499. PMID 1764025.
- Bonaventure J, Chaminade F, Maroteaux P (July 1995). "Mutations in three subdomains of the carboxy-terminal region of collagen type X account for most of the Schmid metaphyseal dysplasias". Human Genetics. 96 (1): 58–64. doi:10.1007/BF00214187. PMID 7607655. S2CID 20888881.
- McIntosh I, Abbott MH, Francomano CA (1995). "Concentration of mutations causing Schmid metaphyseal chondrodysplasia in the C-terminal noncollagenous domain of type X collagen". Human Mutation. 5 (2): 121–125. doi:10.1002/humu.1380050204. PMID 7749409. S2CID 26291298.
- Chan D, Cole WG, Rogers JG, Bateman JF (March 1995). "Type X collagen multimer assembly in vitro is prevented by a Gly618 to Val mutation in the alpha 1(X) NC1 domain resulting in Schmid metaphyseal chondrodysplasia". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 270 (9): 4558–4562. doi:10.1074/jbc.270.9.4558. PMID 7876225.
- McIntosh I, Abbott MH, Warman ML, Olsen BR, Francomano CA (February 1994). "Additional mutations of type X collagen confirm COL10A1 as the Schmid metaphyseal chondrodysplasia locus". Human Molecular Genetics. 3 (2): 303–307. doi:10.1093/hmg/3.2.303. PMID 8004099.
- Dharmavaram RM, Elberson MA, Peng M, Kirson LA, Kelley TE, Jimenez SA (March 1994). "Identification of a mutation in type X collagen in a family with Schmid metaphyseal chondrodysplasia". Human Molecular Genetics. 3 (3): 507–509. doi:10.1093/hmg/3.3.507. PMID 8012364.
- Warman ML, Abbott M, Apte SS, Hefferon T, McIntosh I, Cohn DH, et al. (September 1993). "A type X collagen mutation causes Schmid metaphyseal chondrodysplasia". Nature Genetics. 5 (1): 79–82. doi:10.1038/ng0993-79. PMID 8220429. S2CID 196834.
- Wallis GA, Rash B, Sweetman WA, Thomas JT, Super M, Evans G, et al. (February 1994). "Amino acid substitutions of conserved residues in the carboxyl-terminal domain of the alpha 1(X) chain of type X collagen occur in two unrelated families with metaphyseal chondrodysplasia type Schmid". American Journal of Human Genetics. 54 (2): 169–178. PMC 1918153. PMID 8304336.
- Pokharel RK, Alimsardjono H, Uno K, Fujii S, Shiba R, Matsuo M (December 1995). "A novel mutation substituting tryptophan with arginine in the carboxyl-terminal, non-collagenous domain of collagen X in a case of Schmid metaphyseal chondrodysplasia". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 217 (3): 1157–1162. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1995.2890. hdl:20.500.14094/D1001967. PMID 8554571.
- Wallis GA, Rash B, Sykes B, Bonaventure J, Maroteaux P, Zabel B, et al. (June 1996). "Mutations within the gene encoding the alpha 1 (X) chain of type X collagen (COL10A1) cause metaphyseal chondrodysplasia type Schmid but not several other forms of metaphyseal chondrodysplasia". Journal of Medical Genetics. 33 (6): 450–457. doi:10.1136/jmg.33.6.450. PMC 1050629. PMID 8782043.
- Stratakis CA, Orban Z, Burns AL, Vottero A, Mitsiades CS, Marx SJ, et al. (December 1996). "Dideoxyfingerprinting (ddF) analysis of the type X collagen gene (COL10A1) and identification of a novel mutation (S671P) in a kindred with Schmid metaphyseal chondrodysplasia". Biochemical and Molecular Medicine. 59 (2): 112–117. doi:10.1006/bmme.1996.0075. PMID 8986632.
- Beier F, Eerola I, Vuorio E, Luvalle P, Reichenberger E, Bertling W, et al. (December 1996). "Variability in the upstream promoter and intron sequences of the human, mouse and chick type X collagen genes". Matrix Biology. 15 (6): 415–422. doi:10.1016/S0945-053X(96)90160-2. PMID 9049979.
- Ikegawa S, Nakamura K, Nagano A, Haga N, Nakamura Y (1997). "Mutations in the N-terminal globular domain of the type X collagen gene (COL10A1) in patients with Schmid metaphyseal chondrodysplasia". Human Mutation. 9 (2): 131–135. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1098-1004(1997)9:2<131::AID-HUMU5>3.0.CO;2-C. PMID 9067753. S2CID 22871274.
